Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T10:01:24.519Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cancer care reform in South Africa: A case for cancer care coordination: A narrative review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2021

Buhle Lubuzo Open the ORCID record for Buhle Lubuzo [Opens in a new window] ,
Khumbulani Hlongwana  and
Themba Ginindza
Buhle Lubuzo*
Affiliation:
Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Khumbulani Hlongwana
Affiliation:
Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Themba Ginindza
Affiliation:
Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
*
Author for correspondence: Buhle Lubuzo, Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban4041, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective

This review provides an overview of the existing literature on the importance of care coordination for lung cancer care and other cancers in general. The review is inclusive of the burden of cancer, with a special reference to lung cancer, as well as challenges and achievements relating to cancer care coordination.

Method

We conducted a search of online databases of peer-reviewed studies published in the English language. The analysis for this review has been packaged into themes in order to generate results that can inform researchers and cancer health professionals, on the existing gaps necessary for developing appropriate intervention strategies and policy guidelines.

Results

Cancer is a complex condition that often requires multiple interventions provided by a variety of health professionals within the healthcare continuum. This paper reviewed research studies that explored the supportive care needs of cancer patients. The results are presented in three superordinate themes, namely (a) cancer as a healthcare priority in South Africa (SA), (b) making a case for coordinated cancer care in SA, and (c) care coordination: a poorly defined, yet complex concept. One major need identified was the requirement of informational support. Other essential needs included referral, emotional, and financial support.

Significance of results

The identification of current obstacles has the potential to guide the development of a model to improve quality coordinated cancer health care. It remains that limited research exists around cancer services and cancer care in the South African region. This narrative review identified common elements and barriers to care for lung cancer patients and survivors, and offers recommendations for developing clinical care models.

Keywords

Cancer careCoordinationLung cancerNarrative reviewSouth Africa
Type
Review Article
Information
Palliative & Supportive Care , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , February 2022 , pp. 129 - 137
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aberg, L, Albrecht, B and Rudolph, T (2012) How health systems can improve value in cancer care. Health International.Google Scholar
Abraham, J, Kannampallil, T and Patel, V (2011) Bridging gaps in handoffs: A continuity of care based approach. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 45, 240–254. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2011.10.011.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adewole, IF, Denny, L and Odedina, F (2013) Cancer Plan for the African Continent, 2013-2017. African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer.Google Scholar
African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer (2013) Cancer Plan for the African Continent 2013–2017.Google Scholar
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2018) Care Coordination. Rockville, MD. Available at: https://www.ahrq.gov/ncepcr/care/coordination.html.Google Scholar
Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (2004) Strengthening Health Systems: The Role and Promise of Policy and Systems Research. Geneva. Available at: http://www.who.int/alliance-hpsr/resources/Strengthening_complet.pdf.Google Scholar
Allred, CA, Arford, PH, Michel, Y, et al. (1995) Case management: The relationship between structure & environment. Nursing Economics 13(1), 32–41, 51.Google ScholarPubMed
Ambroggi, M, Biasini, C, Del Giovane, C, et al. (2015) Distance as a barrier to cancer diagnosis and treatment: Review of the literature. Oncologist 20(12), 1378–1385. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asanin, J and Wilson, K (2008) “I spent nine years looking for a doctor”: Exploring access to health care among immigrants in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Social Science & Medicine 66(6), 1271–1283. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balogh, EP, Ganz, PA, Murphy, SB, et al. (2011) Patient-centered cancer treatment planning: Improving the quality of oncology care. Summary of an Institute of Medicine Workshop. Oncologist 16(12), 1800–1805. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Battaglia, TA, Roloff, K, Posner, MA, et al. (2007) Improving follow-up to abnormal breast cancer screening in an urban population. Cancer 109(S2), 359–367. doi:10.1002/cncr.22354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baughan, P, Keatings, J and O'Neill, B (2011) Urgent suspected cancer referrals from general practice: Audit of compliance with guidelines and referral outcomes. British Journal of General 61(592), e700–e706. doi:10.3399/bjgp11X606591.Google ScholarPubMed
Bebington, B, Singh, E, Fabian, J, et al. (2018) Design and methodology of a study on colorectal cancer in Johannesburg, South Africa. JGH Open 2(4), 139–143. doi:10.1002/jgh3.12061CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bello, B, Fadahun, O, Kielkowski, D, et al. (2011) Trends in lung cancer mortality in South Africa: 1995–2006. BMC Public Health 11, 209. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-209CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bickell, NA and Young, GJ (2001) Coordination of care for early-stage breast cancer patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine 16(11), 737–742. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.10130.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Booton, R (2017) Innovating for improvement.Google Scholar
Bradley, EH, Taylor, LA and Cuellar, CJ (2015) Management matters: A leverage point for health systems strengthening in global health. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 4(7), 411–415. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bray, F, Ferlay, J, Soerjomataram, I, et al. (2018) Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 68(6), 394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492.Google ScholarPubMed
Brouwers, MC, Vukmirovic, M, Tomasone, JR, et al. (2016) Documenting coordination of cancer care between primary care providers and oncology specialists in Canada. Canadian Family Physician 62(10), e616–e625.Google ScholarPubMed
Calhoun, EA and Esparza, A (2018) Patient Navigation Overcoming Barriers to Care [Online-Ressource (XII, 145 p. 17 illus. in color, online resource)]. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6979-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cancer Support Community (2016) Access to Care in Cancer 2016: Barriers and Challenges. Washington DC.Google Scholar
Care IP (2014) Care Coordination Measures Atlas.Google Scholar
Carrillo, JE, Carrillo, VA, Perez, HR, et al. (2011) Defining and targeting health care access barriers. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 22(2), 562–575. doi:10.1353/hpu.2011.0037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carter-Harris, L, Hermann, CP and Draucker, CB (2015) Pathways to a lung cancer diagnosis. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners 27(10), 576–583. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chatwin, J and Sanders, C (2013) The influence of social factors on help-seeking for people with lung cancer. European Journal of Cancer Care 22(6), 709–713. doi:10.1111/ecc.12078.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, A, Brown, R, Archibald, N, et al. (2000) Best Practices in Coordinated Care. Available at: http://www .cms.hhs.gov/DemoProjectsEvalRpts/downloads/CC_Full_Report.pdf.Google Scholar
Coleman, E (2004) Preparing patients and caregivers to participate in care delivered across settings: The Care Transitions Intervention. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52(11), 1817–1825.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coleman, E, Parry, C, Chalmers, S, et al. (2006) The Care Transition Intervention. Archives of Internal Medicine 166, 1822–1828. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.17.1822.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Community CS (2016) Access to Care in Cancer 2016: Barriers and Challenges. Washington DC.Google Scholar
Coovadia, H, Jewkes, R, Barron, P, et al. (2009) The health and health system of South Africa: Historical roots of current public health challenges. Lancet 374(9692), 817–834. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60951-x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davy, C, Harfield, S, McArthur, A, et al. (2016) Access to primary health care services for indigenous peoples: A framework synthesis. International Journal for Equity in Health, 15. doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0450-5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Man, Y, Atsma, F, Oosterveld-Vlug, MG, et al. (2019) The intensity of hospital care utilization by Dutch patients with lung or colorectal cancer in their final months of life. Cancer Control 26(1), 1073274819846574. doi:10.1177/1073274819846574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Department of Health (2017) National Cancer Strategic Framework in South Africa 2017–2022. Available at: http://www.health.gov.za/index.php/2014-08-15-12-53-24?download=3405:national-cancer-strategic-framework-2017-2022-min-pdf.Google Scholar
Department of Health & Human Services (2007) Linking Cancer Care. Australia.Google Scholar
Dunn, J, Garvey, G, Valery, PC, et al. (2017) Barriers to lung cancer care: Health professionals’ perspectives. Supportive Care in Cancer 25(2), 497–504. doi:10.1007/s00520-016-3428-3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, LB and Greeff, LE (2017) Exploring grassroots feedback about cancer challenges in South Africa: A discussion of themes derived from content thematic analysis of 316 photo-narratives. The Pan African Medical Journal 28, 173. doi:10.11604/pamj.2017.28.173.11894.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, LB and Greeff, LE (2018) Evidence-based feedback about emotional cancer challenges experienced in South Africa: A qualitative analysis of 316 photovoice interviews. Global Public Health 13(10), 1409–1421. doi:10.1080/17441692.2017.1357187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
El Saghir, NS, Farhat, RA, Charara, RN, et al. (2014) Enhancing cancer care in areas of limited resources: Our next steps. Future Oncology 10(12), 1953–1965. doi:10.2217/fon.14.124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fletcher, RH, O'Malley, MS, Fletcher, SW, et al. (1984) Measuring the continuity and coordination of medical care in a system involving multiple providers. Medical Care 22(5), 403–411. doi:10.1097/00005650-198405000-00004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forrest, CB, Glade, GB, Baker, AE, et al. (2000) Coordination of specialty referrals and physician satisfaction with referral care. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 154(5), 499–506. doi:10.1001/archpedi.154.5.499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forrest, LF, Sowden, S, Rubin, G, et al. (2017) Socio-economic inequalities in stage at diagnosis, and in time intervals on the lung cancer pathway from first symptom to treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax 72(5), 430–436. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209013.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forums, NQ (2017) Care Coordination Measures: 2016–2017.Google Scholar
Freeman, HP (2006) Patient navigation: A community centered approach to reducing cancer mortality. Journal of Cancer Education 21(1 Suppl), S11–S14. doi:10.1207/s15430154jce2101s_4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, HP (2012) The origin, evolution, and principles of patient navigation. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 21(10), 1614–1617. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freijser, L, Naccarella, L, McKenzie, R, et al. (2015) Cancer care coordination: Building a platform for the development of care coordinator roles and ongoing evaluation. Australian Journal of Primary Health 21(2), 157–163. doi:10.1071/PY13037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaafar, R (2017) Lung cancer in Africa: Challenges and perspectives. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 12(1), S115–S116. doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators (2017) Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 390(10100),1151–1210. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32152-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerber, DE, Hamann, HA, Santini, NO, et al. (2017) Patient navigation for lung cancer screening in an urban safety-net system: Protocol for a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 60, 78–85. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.07.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, B (2017) Improving Diagnostic Pathways for Patients with Suspected Lung Cancer.Google Scholar
Gorin, SS, Haggstrom, D, Han, PKJ, et al. (2017) Cancer care coordination: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 30 years of empirical studies. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 51(4), 532–546. doi:10.1007/s12160-017-9876-2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gospodarowicz, M, Trypuc, J, D'Cruz, A, et al. (2015) Cancer services and the comprehensive cancer center. In Gelband, H, Jha, P, Sankaranarayanan, R & Horton, S (eds.), Cancer: Disease Control Priorities, 3rd ed., Vol. 3. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.Google ScholarPubMed
Hack, TF, Degner, LF and Parker, PA (2005) The communication goals and needs of cancer patients: A review. Psychooncology 14(10), 831–845. discussion 846–847. doi:10.1002/pon.949.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hannigan, B, Simpson, A, Coffey, M, et al. (2018) Care coordination as imagined, care coordination as done: Findings from a cross-national mental health systems study. International Journal of Integrated Care 3(18). doi:10.5334/ijic.3978.Google Scholar
Hesse, M (2018) Cancer Is South Africa's Biggest Killer. Johannesburg.Google Scholar
Huot, S, Ho, H, Ko, A, et al. (2019) Identifying barriers to healthcare delivery and access in the Circumpolar North: Important insights for health professionals. International Journal of Circumpolar Health 78(1), 1571385. doi:10.1080/22423982.2019.1571385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Institute of Medicine Committee on Cancer Control in Low and Middle-Income Countries (2007) The national academies collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. In Sloan, FA & Gelband, H (eds.), Cancer Control Opportunities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US)/National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
International Agency for Research on Cancer (2018) Global Cancer Observatory. Available at: https://gco.iarc.fr.Google Scholar
Jacobs, B, Ir, P, Bigdeli, M, et al. (2012) Addressing access barriers to health services: An analytical framework for selecting appropriate interventions in low-income Asian countries. Health Policy Plan 27(4), 288–300. doi:10.1093/heapol/czr038.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobs, M, Clawson, J and Mynatt, ED (2014) Cancer navigation: opportunities and challenges for facilitating the breast cancer journey. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing 2014 Feb 15, pp. 1467–1478.Google Scholar
Jemal, A, Bray, F, Center, MM, et al. (2011) Global cancer statistics. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 61(2), 69–90. doi:10.3322/caac.20107.Google ScholarPubMed
Jobson, M (2015) Structure of the Health System in South Africa.Google Scholar
Joffe, M, Ayeni, O, Norris, SA, et al. (2018) Barriers to early presentation of breast cancer among women in Soweto, South Africa. PLoS One 13(2), e0192071. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192071.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kafle, NP (2011) Hermeneutic phenomenological research method simplified. Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal 5(1), 181–200.Google Scholar
Kutzin, J and Barnum, H (1992) How Health Insurance Affects the Delivery of Health Care in Developing Countries. Washington DC.Google Scholar
Le Roux, HA, Urry, RJ, Sartorius, B, et al. (2015) Prostate cancer at a regional hospital in South Africa: We are only seeing the tip of the iceberg. South African Journal of Surgery 53(3 and 4), 57–62.Google Scholar
Lubuzo, B, Ginindza, T and Hlongwana, K (2019) Exploring barriers to lung cancer patient access, diagnosis, referral and treatment in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: The health providers’ perspectives. Translational Lung Cancer Research 8(4), 380–391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lubuzo, B, Ginindza, T, and Hlongwana, K (2020) The barriers to initiating lung cancer care in low- and middle-income countries. Pan African Medical Journal 35. doi:10.11604/pamj.2020.35.38.17333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Made, F, Wilson, K, Jina, R, et al. (2017) Distribution of cancer mortality rates by province in South Africa. Cancer Epidemiology 51, 56–61. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2017.10.007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mandal, R and Basu, P (2018) Cancer screening and early diagnosis in low and middle income countries: Current situation and future perspectives. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 61(12), 1505–1512. doi:10.1007/s00103-018-2833-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mangione-Smith, R, Schonlau, M, Chan, KS, et al. (2005) Measuring the effectiveness of a collaborative for quality improvement in pediatric asthma care: Does implementing the chronic care model improve processes and outcomes of care? Ambulatory Pediatrics 5(2), 75–82. doi:10.1367/a04-106r.1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maree, JE, Moshima, D, Ngubeni, M, et al. (2017) On being a caregiver: The experiences of South African family caregivers caring for cancer patients. European Journal of Cancer Care. doi:10.1111/ecc.12801.Google ScholarPubMed
Mayosi, BM, Flisher, AJ, Lalloo, UG, et al. (2009) The burden of non-communicable diseases in South Africa. Lancet 374(9693), 934–947. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61087-4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, KM, Sundaram, V, Bravata, DM, et al. (2007) Definitions of care coordination and related terms. In Closing the Quality Gap: A Critical Analysis of Quality Improvement Strategies (Vol. 7 Care Coordination). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).Google Scholar
McDonald, KM, Schultz, E, Albin, L, et al. (2014) Care Coordination Measures Atlas: Updated June 2014. Roockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Google Scholar
Meade, CD, Wells, KJ, Arevalo, M, et al. (2014) Lay navigator model for impacting cancer health disparities. Journal of Cancer Education 29(3), 449–457. doi:10.1007/s13187-014-0640-z.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meuter, RF, Gallois, C, Segalowitz, NS, et al. (2015) Overcoming language barriers in healthcare: A protocol for investigating safe and effective communication when patients or clinicians use a second language. BMC Health Services Research 15, 371. doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1024-8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michaels, D (2006) Exploring Current Practices in Pediatric ARV Rollout and Integration with Early Childhood Programs in South Africa: A Rapid Situational Analysis.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miesfeldt, S, Feero, WG, Lucas, FL, et al. (2018) Association of patient navigation with care coordination in a lynch syndrome screening program. Translational Behavioral Medicine 8(3), 450–455. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibx078.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momberg, M, Botha, MH, Van der Merwe, FH, et al. (2017) Women's experiences with cervical cancer screening in a colposcopy referral clinic in Cape Town, South Africa: A qualitative analysis. BMJ Open 7(2), e013914. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moodley, J, Cairncross, L, Naiker, T, et al. (2016) Understanding pathways to breast cancer diagnosis among women in the Western Cape Province, South Africa: A qualitative study. BMJ Open 6(1), e009905. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moodley, J, Walter, FM, Scott, SE, et al. (2018) Towards timely diagnosis of symptomatic breast and cervical cancer in South Africa. South African Medical Journal 108(10), 803–804. doi:10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i10.13478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mukansi, M, Smith, C and Feldman, C (2014) A study of lung cancer in Johannesburg, South Africa. Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 29(1), 43–47. doi:10.1080/23120053.2014.11441566.Google Scholar
National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine (2015) The diagnostic process. In Improving Diagnosis in Health Care. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, p. 36.Google Scholar
Neely, AH and Ponshunmugam, A (2019) A qualitative approach to examining health care access in rural South Africa. Social Science & Medicine 230, 214–221. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.025.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Padarath, A, King, J, Mackie, EL, et al. (2016) Overview of the 2016 South African health review. South African Medical Journal 106(7), 655–657. doi:10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i7.11033.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parchman, ML, Noel, PH and Lee, S (2005) Primary care attributes, health care system hassles, and chronic illness. Medical Care 43(11), 1123–1129. doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000182530.52979.29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plager, K (1994) Hermeneutic phenomenology. Interpretive Phenomenology: Embodiment, Caring, and Ethics in Health and Illness, 65–83.Google Scholar
Plsek, PE and Greenhalgh, T (2001) Complexity science: The challenge of complexity in health care. BMJ 323(7313), 625–628. doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7313.625.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pope, C, Mays, N and Popay, J (2006) Informing policy making and management in healthcare: The place for synthesis. Healthcare Policy 1(2), 43.Google ScholarPubMed
Redmond, P, Grimes, TC, McDonnell, R, et al. (2018) Impact of medication reconciliation for improving transitions of care. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 8(8), CD010791. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010791.pub2.Google ScholarPubMed
Rico, R, Manzanares, M, Gil, F, et al. (2011) Coordination process in work teams. Papeles del Psicólogo 32, 59–68.Google Scholar
Rural Health Information Hub (2016) Patient Navigators.Google Scholar
Santoso, JT, Engle, DB, Schaffer, L, et al. (2006) Cancer diagnosis and treatment: Communication accuracy between patients and their physicians. Cancer Journal 12(1), 73–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scheppers, E, van Dongen, E, Dekker, J, et al. (2006) Potential barriers to the use of health services among ethnic minorities: A review. Family Practice 23(3), 325–348. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmi113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, EM, Pineda, N, Lonhart, J, et al. (2013) A systematic review of the care coordination measurement landscape. BMC Health Services Research 13, 119. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shah, SC, Kayamba, V, Peek, RM Jr, et al. (2019) Cancer control in low- and middle-income countries: Is It time to consider screening? Journal of Global Oncology 5, 1–8. doi:10.1200/JGO.18.00200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, K, Abdel Goad, EH and Ramklass, SS (2015) Waiting times for prostate cancer diagnosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. South African Medical Journal 105(6), 484–486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Somdyala, NI, Parkin, DM, Sithole, N, et al. (2015) Trends in cancer incidence in rural Eastern Cape Province; South Africa, 1998–2012. International Journal of Cancer 136(5), E470–E474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sprague, L (2003) Disease management to population-based health: Steps in the right direction? NHPF Issue Brief (791), 1–16.Google ScholarPubMed
Standing, M (2009) A new critical framework for applying hermeneutic phenomenology. Nurse Researcher 16(4), 20–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Starfield, BH, Simborg, DW, Horn, SD, et al. (1976) Continuity and coordination in primary care: Their achievement and utility. Medical Care 14(7), 625–636. doi:10.1097/00005650-197607000-00008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sweeney, K and Griffiths, F (2002) Complexity and Healthcare: An introduction. Oxon UK: Radcliffe Medical Press Ltd.Google Scholar
Tegegne, TK, Chojenta, C, Loxton, D, et al. (2018) The impact of geographic access on institutional delivery care use in low and middle-income countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 13(8), e0203130. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tetteh, DA and Faulkner, SL (2016) Sociocultural factors and breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for diagnosis and management. Womens Health (Lond) 12(1), 147–156. doi:10.2217/whe.15.76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torre, LA, Bray, F, Siegel, RL, et al. (2015) Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 65(2), 87–108. doi:10.3322/caac.21262.Google ScholarPubMed
Urman, A, Josyula, S, Rosenberg, A, et al. (2016) Burden of lung cancer and associated risk factors in Africa by region. Journal of Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine 6(3), 340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Rensburg, HC (2014) South Africa's protracted struggle for equal distribution and equitable access — Still not there. Human Resources for Health 12, 26. doi:10.1186/1478-4491-12-26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Sluisveld, N, Zegers, M, Natsch, S, et al. (2012) Medication reconciliation at hospital admission and discharge: Insufficient knowledge, unclear task reallocation and lack of collaboration as major barriers to medication safety. BMC Health Services Research 12(1), 170. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walsh, J, Harrison, JD, Young, JM, et al. (2010) What are the current barriers to effective cancer care coordination? A qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research 10, 132. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walsh, J, Young, JM, Harrison, JD, et al. (2011) What is important in cancer care coordination? A qualitative investigation. European Journal of Cancer Care 20(2), 220–227. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2010.01187.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walton, L, McNeill, R, Stevens, W, et al. (2013) Patient perceptions of barriers to the early diagnosis of lung cancer and advice for health service improvement. Family Practice 30(4), 436–444. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmt001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, SJ and Jacobsen, PB (2018) Cancer care coordination: Opportunities for healthcare delivery research. Translational Behavioral Medicine 8(3), 503–508. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibx079.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, HS and Hutchinson, SA (1991) Triangulation of qualitative methods: Heideggerian hermeneutics and grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research 1(2), 263–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winkler, V, Mangolo, NJ and Becher, H (2015) Lung cancer in South Africa: A forecast to 2025 based on smoking prevalence data. BMJ Open 5(3), e006993. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006993.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (2004) The Global Burden of Disease. Switzerland. Available at: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2007) Cancer Control: Knowledge Into Action: WHO Guide for Effective Programmes. Switzerland: Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2018a) Continuity and Coordination of Care. Geneva.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2018b) South Africa: Globocan 2018. Available at: http://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/populations/710-south-africa-fact-sheets.pdf.Google Scholar