Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T06:31:21.378Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Some quantitative methods for studying evolutionary patterns in single characters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2016

Brian Charlesworth
Brian Charlesworth*
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Some statistical methods are described for the detection and estimation of variability in the rate of evolution, from biometrical data on single characters in fossil lineages. The methods were applied to some published examples of protistan and mammalian lineages, extending between 0.8 and 6.4 Myr in duration. Of six cases examined, only one failed to show evidence for significant variation in the rate of evolution, and only four deviated significantly from a random walk pattern, despite significant net evolutionary change in all cases but one.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , Summer 1984 , pp. 308 - 318
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Alberch, P. 1980. Ontogenesis and morphological diversification. Am. Zool. 20:653–667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arthur, W. 1982. Control of shell shape in Lymnaea stagnalis. Heredity. 49:153–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bookstein, F. L., Gingerich, P. O., and Kluge, A. G. 1978. Hierarchical linear modelling of the tempo and mode of evolution. Paleobiology. 4:120–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boucot, A. J. 1982. Punctuationism and Darwinism reconciled? Ecotypic or genotypic? Nature. 296:609–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bulmer, M. G. 1980. The Mathematical Theory of Quantitative Genetics. Oxford Univ. Press; Oxford.Google Scholar
Charlesworth, B. 1984. The cost of phenotypic evolution. Paleobiology. 10:319–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charlesworth, B., Lande, R., and Slatkin, M. 1982. A Neo-Darwinian commentary on macroevolution. Evolution. 36:474–498.Google ScholarPubMed
Cronin, J. E., Boaz, N. T., Stringer, C. B., and Rak, Y. 1981. Tempo and mode in hominid evolution. Nature. 292:113–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eldredge, N. and Gould, S. J. 1972. Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism. Pp. 82–115. In: Schopf, T. J. M., ed. Models in Paleobiology. Freeman, Cooper; San Francisco.Google Scholar
Falconer, D. S. 1981. An Introduction to Quantitative Genetics (2d ed.). Longman; London.Google Scholar
Gingerich, P. D. 1983. Rates of evolution: effects of time and temporal scaling. Science. 222:159–161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gould, S. J. 1980. Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging? Paleobiology. 6:119–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, S. J. 1982. Darwinism and the expansion of evolutionary theory. Science. 216:380–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gould, S. J. and Eldredge, N. 1977. Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. Paleobiology. 3:115–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, V. 1982. Punctuated equilibria: a critique. Biol. Zbl. 101:175–184.Google Scholar
Haldane, J. B. S. 1949. Suggestions as to the quantitative measure of rates of evolution. Evolution 3:51–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoel, P. G. 1962. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics (3d ed.). Wiley; New York.Google Scholar
Keeping, E. S. 1962. Introduction to Statistical Inference. Van Nostrand; Princeton.Google Scholar
Kellogg, D. E. 1975. The role of phyletic change in the evolution of Pseudocubus rema (Radiolaria). Paleobiology. 1:359–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kellogg, D. E. and Hays, J. D. 1975. Microevolutionary patterns in Late Cenozoic Radiolaria. Paleobiology 1:150–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendall, M. G., Stuart, J. D., and Ord, J. K. 1983. The Advanced Theory of Statistics. Vol. 3. (4th ed.). Charles Griffin; London.Google Scholar
Kurtén, B. 1959. Rates of evolution in fossil mammals. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 24:205–215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lande, R. 1976. Natural selection and random genetic drift in phenotypic evolution. Evolution. 30:314–334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lerman, A. 1965. On rates of evolution of unit characters and character complexes. Evolution. 19:16–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levinton, J. S. and Simon, C. M. 1980. A critique of the punctuated equilibrium model and implications for the detection of speciation in the fossil record. Syst. Zool. 29:130–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malmgren, B. A. and Kennett, J. P. 1981. Phyletic gradualism in a Late Cenozoic lineage: DSDP Site 284, Southwest Pacific. Paleobiology. 7:230–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malmgren, B. A., Berggren, W. A., and Lohmann, G. P. 1984. Evidence of nongradualism and nonpunctualism in the Globorotalia tumida lineage (planktonic foraminifera). Paleobiology. 9:377–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raup, D. M. and Crick, R. E. 1981. Evolution of single characters in the Jurassic ammonite Kosmoceras. Paleobiology. 7:200–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raup, D. M., and Crick, R. E. 1982. Kosmoceras: evolutionary jumps and sedimentary breaks. Paleobiology. 8:90–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinsel, G. 1982. Multivariate repeated-measurement or growth curve models with multivariate random effects covariance structure. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 77:190–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rensch, B. 1959. Evolution above the Species Level. Columbia Univ. Press; New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reyment, R. A. 1982. Phenotypic evolution in a Cretaceous Foraminifer. Evolution. 36:1182–1199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schopf, T. J. M. 1982. A critical assessment of punctuated equilibria. I. Duration of taxa. Evolution. 36:1144–1157.Google ScholarPubMed
Simpson, G. G. 1953. The Major Features of Evolution. Columbia Univ. Press; New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F. J. 1969. Biometry. W. H. Freeman; San Francisco.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1979. Macroevolution: Pattern and Process. W. H. Freeman; San Francisco.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1982. Macroevolution and the fossil record. Evolution. 36:460–473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stebbins, G. L. and Ayala, F. J. 1981. Is a new evolutionary synthesis necessary? Science. 213:967–971.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Valen, L. 1974. Two modes of evolution. Nature. 252:298–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williamson, P. G. 1981. Paleontological documentation of speciation in Cenozoic molluscs from Turkana Basin. Nature. 293:437–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, P. G. 1982. Punctuationism and Darwinism reconciled? Williamson replies. Nature. 296:611–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, S. 1968. Evolution and the Genetics of Populations. Vol. 1. Genetic and Biometric Foundations. Univ. Chicago Press; Chicago.Google Scholar