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Patterns of bryozoan endemism through the Ordovician-Silurian transition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2016

Robert L. Anstey ,
Joseph F. Pachut  and
Michael E. Tuckey
Robert L. Anstey
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824. E-mail: [email protected]
Joseph F. Pachut
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. E-mail: [email protected]
Michael E. Tuckey
Affiliation:
DLZ Michigan, Inc., 1425 Keystone Avenue, Lansing, Michigan 48911. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Area cladograms produced by parsimony analysis of endemicity illustrate historically developed biogeographical associations among Caradocian, Ashgillian, Llandoverian, and Wenlockian bryozoans. Areas in North America, Siberia, and Baltica were organized into three provinces and 12 biomes over a time interval of 35 million years. Six of these biomes belonged to the North American-Siberian Province and became extinct during the Ashgillian. Three biomes represent a successional series of biogeographical associations in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, and the middle biome of this succession is most closely related to that of the Wenlockian platform in North America. All four Silurian biomes are represented in Late Ordovician local areas, indicating that the associations important in the recovery radiation were already in existence prior to the extinction events. Three of these four biomes expanded their geographic extent in the wake of the Late Ordovician extinctions. Several biome extinction and replacement events took place during lowstands of sea level, suggesting that biogeographic reorganizations took place as a consequence of habitat loss in epeiric seas. Biome development largely depended on the extent of major litho-topes and their intersections with deep ocean and climatic barriers. The loss of regional habitats, associated with marine regression, was a key factor in biome extinction and reorganization, and indicates that biogeography played a significant role in the Late Ordovician mass extinctions and Silurian recovery radiations. Vicariance hypotheses are needed to account for the development of barriers subdividing ancestral areas, whereas hypotheses of congruent dispersal are required to explain the appearance of biomes in geographically disjunct areas.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , Summer 2003 , pp. 305 - 328
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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References

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