Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T09:16:03.736Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Parallel clines in morphologic and genetic differentiation in a coastal zone marine invertebrate: the bryozoan Schizoporella errata

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2016

Thomas J. M. Schopf  and
Alan R. Dutton
Thomas J. M. Schopf
Affiliation:
Schopf. Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago; Chicago, Illinois 60637; and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
Alan R. Dutton
Affiliation:
Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago; Chicago, Illinois 60637.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Genetic and morphologic differentiation in the bryozoan Schizoporella errata parallel each other over a distance of 102 km along the southern shore of Cape Cod. This is seen in the allele frequencies of two marker genes and in the length of the avicularium (a type of defensive polymorph of the bryozoan colony). These changes appear to be part of the continuing evolutionary adaptation to local environmental conditions, perhaps characteristic of marine species whose dispersal ability is very limited. The length scale of significant changes in allele frequencies at the two loci is as low as 10–11 km, and for avicularium length is 13 km.

Type
Research Article
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 2 , Issue 3 , Summer 1976 , pp. 255 - 264
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ayala, F., ed. 1976. Molecular Evolution. 277 pp. Sinauer Associates; Sunderland, Mass.Google Scholar
Cheetham, A. H. 1966. Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the Upper Bracklesham Beds (Eocene) of Sussex. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Geology. 13:1–115.Google Scholar
Dixon, W. J. and Massey, F. J. Jr. 1969. Introduction to Statistical Analysis. (Third Edition.) 638 pp. McGraw-Hill; New York.Google Scholar
Eldredge, N. and Gould, S. J. 1972. Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism. pp. 82–115. In: Schopf, T. J. M., ed. Models in Paleobiology. Freeman, Cooper and Co.; San Francisco, CA.Google Scholar
Emery, K. O. and Uchupi, E. 1972. Western North Atlantic Ocean: Topography, rocks, structure, water, life, and sediments. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 17:1–532.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, K. W. 1971. The form and function of the avicularia of Bugula (Phylum Ectoprocta). Postilla. 151:1–26.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, K. W. 1973. The effect of colony morphology on the life-history parameters of colonial animals. pp. 221–222. In: Boardman, R. S., Cheetham, A. H. and Oliver, W. A. Jr., eds. Animal Colonies. 603 pp.Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross; Stroudsburg, Pa.Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C. 1974. The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change. 346 pp. Columbia Univ. Press; New York.Google Scholar
Maturo, F. J. S. Jr. and Schopf, T. J. M. 1968. Ectoproct and entoproct type material: reexamination of species from New England and Bermuda named by A. E. Verrill, J. W. Dawson, and E. Desor. Postilla. 120:1–95.Google Scholar
Menon, N. R. 1974. Clearance rates of food suspension and food passage as a function of temperature in two North-Sea Bryozoa. Mar. Biol. 24:65–67.Google Scholar
Schopf, T. J. M. 1973. Ergonomics of polymorphism: its relation to the colony as the unit of natural selection in species of the Phylum Ectoprocta. pp. 247–294. In: Boardman, R. S., Cheetham, A. H., and Oliver, W. A. Jr., eds. Animal Colonies. 603 pp.Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross; Stroudsburg, Pa.Google Scholar
Schopf, T. J. M. 1974. Survey of genetic differentiation in a coastal zone invertebrate: the ectoproct Schizoporella errata. Biol. Bull. 146:78–87.Google Scholar
Schopf, T. J. M. 1976a. Environmental versus genetic causes of morphologic variability in bryozoan colonies from the deep sea. Paleobiology. 2:156–165.Google Scholar
Schopf, T. J. M. 1976b. Population genetics of Ectoprocts. In: Wollacott, R. M. and Zimmer, R. L., eds. Biology of Bryozoa. Academic Press; New York.Google Scholar
Schopf, T. J. M. and Gooch, J. L. 1971. Gene frequencies in a marine ectoproct: a cline in natural populations related to sea temperature. Evolution. 25:286–289.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. G., Roe, A., and Lewontin, R. C. 1960. Quantitative Zoology. 440 pp. Harcourt, Brace & World; New York.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. 1975. Sociobiology. 697 pp. Belknap Press; Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar