Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T18:00:18.651Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A null biogeographic model for quantifying the role of migration in shaping patterns of global taxonomic richness and differentiation diversity, with implications for Ordovician biogeography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2016

Noel A. Heim
Noel A. Heim*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Biodiversity patterns in the fossil record are often interpreted as functions of only origination and extinction whereas the migration of taxa among regions or paleocontinents is rarely considered. A null biogeographic model is presented that evaluates the role of migration in shaping global biodiversity patterns across evolutionary time scales. As taxa are allowed to originate, go extinct, and migrate among continents, the model keeps track of global richness and differentiation diversity (the diversity gained by pooling continents). The model's results highlight the difference between global-scale and continental-scale origination and extinction rates. Intuitively, origination and extinction have opposite effects on global richness at the global scale, but they interact with migration at the continental scale to influence differentiation diversity and global richness in surprising ways. The model shows that the migration of taxa among paleocontinents can facilitate an increase in global richness, even when continental extinction is greater than continental origination. Additionally, the model shows that differentiation diversity reaches a dynamic equilibrium that is dictated by the combination of migration, origination, and extinction rates. A test of the model with Ordovician macroinvertebrate data indicates that migration rates were low during the Ordovician and that differentiation diversity was high and varied little. Overall, the Ordovician was an interval of high provinciality. It also shown that widespread genera were less prone to global extinction, even though extinction of genera on individual paleocontinents was common.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 34 , Issue 2 , Spring 2008 , pp. 195 - 209
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Alroy, J. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26:707–733.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bambach, R. K. 1990. Late Palaeozoic provinciality in the marine realm. In McKerrow, W. S. and Scotese, C. R., eds. Palaeozoic palaeogeography and biogeography. Geological Society of London Memoir 12:307–323.Google Scholar
Bambach, R. K., Knoll, A. H., and Wang, S. C. 2004. Origination, extinction, and mass depletions of marine diversity. Paleobiology 30:522–542.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bush, A. M., Markey, M. J., and Marshall, C. R. 2004. Removing bias from diversity curves: the effects of spatially organized biodiversity on sampling-standardization. Paleobiology 30:666–686.Google Scholar
Cheetham, A. H., and Hazel, J. E. 1969. Binary (presence-absence) similarity coefficients. Journal of Paleontology 43:1130–1136.Google Scholar
Elton, C. S. 1958. The ecology of invasions by animals and plants. Methuen, London.Google Scholar
Foote, M. 2000. Origination and extinction components of taxonomic diversity: general patterns. In Wing, S. L. and Erwin, D. H., eds. Deep time: Paleobiology's perspective. Paleobiology 26(Suppl. to No. 4):74–102.Google Scholar
Foote, M. 2003. Origination and extinction through the Phanerozoic: a new approach. Journal of Geology 111:125–148.Google Scholar
Gering, J. C., and Crist, T. O. 2002. The alpha-beta-regional relationship: providing new insights into local-regional patterns of species richness and scale dependence of diversity components. Ecology Letters 5:433–444.Google Scholar
Gilinsky, N. L. 1994. Volatility and the Phanerozoic decline of background extinction intensity. Paleobiology 20:445–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilinsky, N. L., and Bambach, R. K. 1987. Asymmetrical patterns of origination and extinction in higher taxa. Paleobiology 13:427–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gotelli, N. J., and Graves, G. R. 1996. Null models in ecology. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., and Smith, A. G. 2004. A geologic time scale 2004. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Jablonski, D. 1998. Geographic variation in the molluscan recovery from the end-Cretaceous extinction. Science 279:1327–1330.Google Scholar
Jablonski, D. 2001. Lessons from the past: evolutionary impacts of mass extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98:5393–5398.Google Scholar
Jablonski, D., and Hunt, G. 2006. Larval ecology, geographic range, and species survivorship in Cretaceous mollusks: organismic versus species-level explanations. American Naturalist 168:556–564.Google Scholar
Jablonski, D., Roy, K., and Valentine, J. W. 2006. Out of the tropics: evolutionary dynamics of the latitudinal diversity gradient. Science 314:102–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jin, J. 2001. Evolution and extinction of the North American Hiscobeccus brachiopod fauna during the Late Ordovician. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38:143–151.Google Scholar
Kowalewski, M., Gurs, K., Nebelsick, J. H., Oschmann, W., Piller, W. E., and Hoffmeister, A. P. 2002. Multivariate hierarchical analyses of Miocene mollusk assemblages of Europe: paleogeographic, paleoecological, and biostratigraphic implications. Geological Society of America Bulletin 114:239–256.Google Scholar
Lande, R. 1996. Statistics and partitioning of species diversity, and similarity among multiple communities. Oikos 76:5–13.Google Scholar
Layou, K. M. 2007. A quantitative null model of additive diversity partitioning: examining the response of beta diversity to extinction. Paleobiology 33:116–124.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R. H., and Wilson, E. O. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. Google Scholar
Miller, A. I. 1997. A new look at age and area: the geographic and environmental expansion of genera during the Ordovician radiation. Paleobiology 23:410–419.Google Scholar
Miller, A. I., and Mao, S. 1998. Scales of diversification and the Ordovician radiation. Pp. 288–310 in McKinney, M. L. and Drake, J. A., eds. Biodiversity dynamics: turnover of populations, taxa, and communities. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Mooney, H. A., and Cleland, E. E. 2001. The evolutionary impact of invasive species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98:5446–5451.Google Scholar
Mussman, W. J., and Read, J. F. 1986. Sedimentology and development of a passive- to convergent-margin unconformity: Middle Ordovician Knox unconformity, Virginia Appalachians. Geological Society of America Bulletin 97:282–295.Google Scholar
Okuda, T., Noda, T., Yamamoto, T., Ito, N., and Nakaoka, M. 2004. Latitudinal gradient of species diversity: multi-scale variability in rocky intertidal sessile assemblages along the Northwestern Pacific coast. Population Ecology 46:159–170.Google Scholar
Patzkowsky, M. E. 1995. A hierarchical branching model of evolutionary radiations. Paleobiology 21:440–460.Google Scholar
Patzkowsky, M. E. 2007. Diversity partitioning of a Late Ordovician marine biotic invasion: controls on diversity in regional ecosystems. Paleobiology 33:295–309.Google Scholar
R Core Development Team. 2006. R: a language and environment for statistical computing, Version 2.4.0. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.Google Scholar
Ruppert, E. E., and Barnes, R. D. 1994. Invertebrate zoology. Thomson-Brooks/Cole, Belmont, Calif.Google Scholar
Scotese, C. R. 2001. Atlas of earth history, Vol. 1. Paleogeography. PALEOMAP Project, Arlington, Tex.Google Scholar
Sepkoski, J. J. Jr. 1974. Quantified coefficients of association and measurement of similarity. Mathematical Geology 6:135–152.Google Scholar
Sepkoski, J. J. Jr. 1981. A factor analytic description of the Phanerozoic marine fossil record. Paleobiology 7:36–53.Google Scholar
Sepkoski, J. J. Jr. 1988. Alpha, beta, or gamma: where did all the diversity go? Paleobiology 14:221–234.Google Scholar
Sepkoski, J. J., Bambach, R. K., Raup, D. M., and Valentine, J. W. 1981. Phanerozoic marine diversity and the fossil record. Nature 293:435–437.Google Scholar
Sepkoski, J. J. Jr., Jablonski, D., and Foote, M. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1–560.Google Scholar
Sheehan, P. M., and Coorough, P. J. 1990. Brachiopod zoogeography across the Ordovician-Silurian extinction event. In McKerrow, W. S. and Scotese, C. R., eds. Palaeozoic palaeogeography and biogeography. Geological Society of London Memoir 12:181–187.Google Scholar
Shen, S.-Z., and Shi, G. R. 2004. Capitanian (Late Guadalupian, Permian) global brachiopod palaeobiogeography and latitudinal diversity pattern. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 208:235–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stachowicz, J. J., Whitlatch, R. B., and Osman, R. W. 1999. Species diversity and invasion resistance in a marine ecosystem. Science 286:1577–1579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, S. M., and Powell, M. G. 2003. Depressed rates of origination and extinction during the late Paleozoic ice age: a new state for the global marine ecosystem. Geology 31:877–880.Google Scholar
Veech, J. A., Summerville, K. S., Crist, T. O., and Gering, J. C. 2002. The additive partitioning of species diversity: recent revival of an old idea. Oikos 99:3–9.Google Scholar
Whittaker, R. H. 1977. Evolution of species diversity in land communities. Pp. 1–67 in Hecht, M. K., Steere, W. C., and Wallace, B., eds. Evolutionary biology, Vol. 10. Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
Wolda, H. 1981. Similarity indexes, sample-size and diversity. Oecologia 50:296–302.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Heim supplementary material

Appendix

Download Heim supplementary material(File)
File 225.8 KB