Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T11:05:56.905Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

In search of predictive models for stenolaemate morphometry across the skeletal–polypide divide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2020

Yuta Tamberg Open the ORCID record for Yuta Tamberg [Opens in a new window]  and
Abigail M. Smith
Yuta Tamberg
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Abigail M. Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Marine bryozoans have been members of benthic skeletal faunas since the Ordovician. These small suspension feeders collect particles in the range of 10 to 100 μm. Specific details of their feeding depend on the morphology of the feeding apparatus, which may be reflected in skeletal characters. While several studies have described the link between the skeletal and soft-body traits of gymnolaemate bryozoans, stenolaemates have received less attention. To fill this gap, we conducted a detailed analysis of morphometry within and across species and attempted to develop robust predictive models that can be used to infer the soft-body morphology from skeletal data. This, in turn, will help with extracting data on ecology of Paleozoic communities of suspension feeders from the extensive bryozoan fossil record. Characters of polypide morphology among New Zealand cyclostomates (single Recent order in Stenolaemata) displayed staggering variability and almost without exception were not connected to skeletal characters at the species level. When this variability is reduced to its central tendency, interspecific trends are more apparent. The relationship is positive, linear, and moderately strong, but the resulting models have wide predictive intervals (plus/minus hundreds of micrometers). A precise estimate of the characters of the feeding apparatus of modern, and especially fossil, stenolaemates may be difficult to attain, at least on the basis of the skeletal traits used here.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 46 , Issue 2 , May 2020 , pp. 218 - 236
Copyright
Copyright © 2020 The Paleontological Society. All rights reserved

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Data available from the Pangaea Digital Repository:https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.904628

References

Literature Cited

Amui-Vedel, A. M., Hayward, P. J., and Porter, J. S.. 2007. Zooid size and growth rate of the bryozoan Cryptosula pallasiana Moll in relation to temperature, in culture and in its natural environment. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 353:1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batson, P. B., and Probert, P. K.. 2000. Bryozoan thickets off Otago Peninsula. Ministry of Fisheries, Wellington.Google Scholar
Best, M. A., and Thorpe, J. P.. 1986. Feeding current interactions and competition for food among the bryozoan epiphytes of Fucus serratus. Marine Biology 93:371–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boardman, R. S., and McKinney, F. K.. 1976. Skeletal architecture and preserved organs of four-sided zooids in convergent genera of Paleozoic Trepostomata (Bryozoa). Journal of Paleontology 50:25–78.Google Scholar
Bock, P. E., and Gordon, D. P.. 2013. Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831. Zootaxa 3703:67–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borg, F. 1926. Studies on recent cyclostomatous Bryozoa. Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala 10:181–50.Google Scholar
Borg, F. 1944. The stenolaematous Bryozoa. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901–1903 3:1–16.Google Scholar
Buss, L. W. 1979. Bryozoan overgrowth interactions—the interdependence of competition for space and food. Nature 281:475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, P. L. 1977. Colony-wide water currents in living Bryozoa. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 18:31–47.Google Scholar
Gordon, D. P., and Taylor, P. D.. 2001. New Zealand Recent Densiporidae and Lichenoporidae (Bryozoa: Cyclostomata). Species Diversity 6:243–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, D. P., Taylor, P. D., and Bigey, F. P.. 2009. Phylum Bryozoa—moss animals, sea mats, lace corals. Pp. 271–297in Gordon, D. P., ed. New Zealand inventory of biodiversity, Vol. 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch.Google Scholar
Herrera, A., and Jackson, J. B. C.. 1992. Environmental versus taxonomic variation in lophophore morphology of Panamanian cheilostome bryozoans. Marine Biology 112:99–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holm, S. 1979. A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 6:65–70.Google Scholar
Hutton, F. W. 1873. Catalogue of the marine Mollusca of New Zealand with diagnoses of the species. Didsbury, Wellington.Google Scholar
Hutton, F. W. 1877. Corrections and additions to the list of Polyzoa in the Catalogue of the Marine Mollusca of New Zealand (1873). Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 9:358–361.Google Scholar
Inkscape Project. 2011. Inkscape 0.48.1. http://www.inkscape.org, accessed 9 March 2020.Google Scholar
Jebram, D. 1973. Preliminary observations of the influences of food and other factors on the growth of Bryozoa with the description of a new apparatus for cultivation of sessile plankton feeders. Kieler Meeresforschungen 29:50–57.Google Scholar
Lidgard, S. 1981. Water flow, feeding, and colony form in an encrusting cheilostome. Pp. 135–142in Larwood, G. P. and Nielsen, C., eds. Recent and fossil Bryozoa. Olsen & Olsen, Fredenborg, Denmark.Google Scholar
MacGillivray, P. H. 1869. Descriptions of some new genera and species of Australian Polyzoa: to which is added a list of species found in Victoria. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 9:126–148.Google Scholar
MacGillivray, P. H. 1883 Descriptions of new, or little known, Polyzoa. Part IV. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 19:287–293.Google Scholar
MacGillivray, P. H. 1884. Descriptions of new, or little known, Polyzoa. Part VI. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 20:126–128.Google Scholar
Marcus, E. 1926. Bryozoa. Pp. 1–100in Grimpe, G. and Wagler, E., eds. Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee. Part 7, c-1. Akademische Verlagsgesell, Leipzig.Google Scholar
McKinney, F. K. 1990. Feeding and associated colonial morphology in marine bryozoans. Critical Reviews in Aquatic Sciences 2:255–280.Google Scholar
McKinney, F. K. 1991. Colonial feeding currents of Exidmonea atlantica (Cyclostomata). In Bigey, F. P., ed. Bryozoaires actuels et fossiels: Bryozoa living and fossil. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France, Mémoire Hors Série 1:263–270.Google Scholar
McKinney, F. K., and Boardman, R. S.. 1985. Zooidal biometry of Stenolaemata. Pp. 193–203in Nielsen, C. and Larwood, G. P., eds. Bryozoans: Ordovician to Recent. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark.Google Scholar
McKinney, F. K., and Jackson, J. B.. 1991. Bryozoan evolution. University of Chicago Press, London.Google Scholar
Mukai, H., Terakado, K., and Reed, C. G.. 1997. Bryozoa. Pp. 45–206in Harrison, F. W., ed. Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates. Vol 13. Wiley-Liss, New York.Google Scholar
Nielsen, C., and Pedersen, K. J.. 1979. Cystid structure and protrusion of the polypide in Crisia (Bryozoa, Cyclostomata). Acta Zoologica 60:65–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, C., and Riisgård, H. U.. 1998. Tentacle structure and filterfeeding in Crisia eburnea and other cyclostomatous bryozoans, with a review of upstream-collecting mechanisms. Marine Ecology Progress Series 168:163–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratt, M. C. 2004. Effect of zooid spacing on bryozoan feeding success: is competition or facilitation more important? Biological Bulletin 207:17–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pratt, M. C. 2008. Living where the flow is right: How flow affects feeding in bryozoans. Integrative and Comparative Biology 48:808–822.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramalho, L. V., Muricy, G., and Taylor, P. D.. 2009. Cyclostomata (Bryozoa, Stenolaemata) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2057:32–52.Google Scholar
R Core Team. 2018. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org.Google Scholar
Reid, C., and Tamberg, Y.. 2019. Order level trophic structuring across Permian Gondwanan fauna. P. 62 in Zágoršek, K., ed. 18th International Bryozoology Association Conference (Liberec), Abstracts. Technická Univerzita Liberci, Liberec, Czech Republic.Google Scholar
Riisgård, H. U., and Manríquez, P.. 1997. Filter-feeding in fifteen marine ectoprocts (Bryozoa): particle capture and water pumping. Marine Ecology Progress Series 154:223–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogick, M. D. 1949. Studies on marine Bryozoa. IV. Nolella blakei n. sp. Biological Bulletin 97:158–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryland, J. S. 1967. Crisiidae (Polyzoa) from western Norway. Sarsia 29:269–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryland, J. S. 1970. Bryozoans. Hutchinson University Library, London.Google Scholar
Ryland, J. S. 1975. Parameters of the lophophore in relation to population structure in a bryozoan community. Pp. 363–393in Barnes, H., ed. Proceedings of the 9th European Marine Biology Symposium. Aberdeen University Press, Oban, Scotland.Google Scholar
Ryland, J. S. 1976. Physiology and ecology of marine bryozoans. Advances in Marine Biology 14:285–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryland, J. S., and Hayward, P. J.. 1991. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States: erect Bryozoa. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration technical report NMFS series, Vol. 99. U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, Mo.Google Scholar
Sanderson, W. G., Thorpe, J. P., and Clarke, A.. 2000. Aspects of structure and function in the feeding of the Antarctic cheilostomate bryozoan, Himantozoum antarcticum (Calvet). Pp. 355–364in Cubilla, A. Herrera and Jackson, J. B. C., eds. Proceedings of the 11th International Bryozoology Association Conference. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.Google Scholar
Schäfer, P. 1985. Significance of soft part morphology in the classification of recent tubuliporoid cyclostomes. Pp. 273–284in Nielsen, C. and Larwood, G. P., eds. Bryozoa: Ordovician to Recent. Olsen & Olsen, Fredenborg, Denmark.Google Scholar
Shunatova, N. N., and Ostrovsky, A. N.. 2001. Individual autozooidal behaviour and feeding in marine bryozoans. Sarsia 86:113–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shunatova, N. N., and Ostrovsky, A. N.. 2002. Group autozooidal behaviour and chimneys in marine bryozoans. Marine Biology 140:503–518.Google Scholar
Silén, L., and Harmelin, J. G.. 1974. Observations on living Diastoporidae (Bryozoa Cyclostomata), with special regard to polymorphism. Acta Zoologica 55:81–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. M., Taylor, P. D., Waeschenbach, A., Liow, L. H., Porter, J. S., Ostrovsky, A., and Jenkins, H.. 2017. Cyclostome bryozoans: research strategy and call for action. International Bryozoology Association Bulletin 13:16–18.Google Scholar
Strathmann, R. R. 1973. Function of lateral cilia in suspension feeding of lophophorates (Brachiopoda, Phoronida, Ectoprocta). Marine Biology 23:129–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamberg, Y., and Shunatova, N.. 2017. Tentacle structure in freshwater bryozoans. Journal of Morphology 278:718–733.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, P. D. 1981. Functional morphology and evolutionary significance of differing modes of tentacle eversion in marine bryozoans. Pp. 235–247in Larwood, G. P. and Nielsen, C., eds. Recent and fossil Bryozoa. Olsen & Olsen, Fredenborg, Denmark.Google Scholar
Tenison-Woods, J. E. 1880. Palaeontology of New Zealand: corals and Bryozoa of the Neozoic period in New Zealand. NZ Geological Survey, Didsbury, Wellington.Google Scholar
Thorpe, J. P., Clarke, D. R. K., and Best, M. A.. 1985. Natural variation in tentacle number in marine bryozoans and the possible effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition for food. Pp. 319–327in Nielsen, C. and Larwood, G. P., eds. Bryozoa: Ordovician to Recent. Olsen & Olsen, Fredenborg, Denmark.Google Scholar
Von Dassow, M. 2006. Function-dependent development in a colonial animal. Biological Bulletin 211:76–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winston, J. E. 1977. Feeding in marine bryozoans. Pp. 233–271in Woollacott, R. M. and Zimmer, R. L., eds. Biology of Bryozoans. Academic Press, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winston, J. E. 1978. Polypide morphology and feeding behaviour in marine ectoprocts. Bulletin of Marine Science 28:1–31.Google Scholar
Winston, J. E. 1979. Current-related morphology and behaviour in some Pacific coast bryozoans. Pp. 247–268in Larwood, G. P. and Abbott, M. B., eds. Advances in bryozoology. Systematics Association Special Volume No. 13. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Winston, J. E. 1981. Feeding behaviour of modern bryozoans. In Broadhead, T. W., ed. Lophophorates: notes for a short course. University of Tennessee Studies in Geology 5:1–21.Google Scholar