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Determinants of early survival in marine animal genera

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2013

Michael Foote  and
Arnold I. Miller
Michael Foote
Affiliation:
Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]
Arnold I. Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Genera by their very nature are expected to be monotypic and geographically and environmentally restricted at their origin, and most genera do not endure past their stage of first appearance. At the same time, those genera that do endure have a capacity to expand greatly in geographic range, environmental breadth, and species richness. Here we ask what it is that allows some genera and not others to survive past their inception. Using occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, we find that initial geographic range has the strongest effect on survival, followed by environmental breadth, with the effect of species richness weaker on average. The effect of geographic range is strongest if measured as the distances spanned by the occurrences of a genus rather than the number of distinct areas in which a genus lives. We document substantial secular variation in selectivity of early survival. The most striking aspect of this variation is that survival is only weakly selective among genera that first appear during the Mesozoic. By following genera beyond their stage of first appearance, we find that selectivity with respect to all factors becomes systematically stronger as cohorts age and genera become more differentiated in range, breadth, and richness. This may help account for a previously identified statistical effect of genus age on the chances of survival.

Type
Featured Article
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 39 , Issue 2 , Spring 2013 , pp. 171 - 192
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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