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Climatic forcing of quaternary deep-sea benthic communities in the North Pacific Ocean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2016

Moriaki Yasuhara ,
Gene Hunt ,
Thomas M. Cronin ,
Natsumi Hokanishi ,
Hodaka Kawahata ,
Akira Tsujimoto  and
Miho Ishitake
Moriaki Yasuhara
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012; Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
Gene Hunt
Affiliation:
Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A.
Thomas M. Cronin
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, National Center, Reston, Virginia 20192, U.S.A.
Natsumi Hokanishi
Affiliation:
Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
Hodaka Kawahata
Affiliation:
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Akira Tsujimoto
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
Miho Ishitake
Affiliation:
Sumika Chemical Analysis Service, Ltd., Analysis Service Marketing Division, Chiba Group, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0266, Japan
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Abstract

There is growing evidence that changes in deep-sea benthic ecosystems are modulated by climate changes, but most evidence to date comes from the North Atlantic Ocean. Here we analyze new ostracod and published foraminiferal records for the last 250,000 years on Shatsky Rise in the North Pacific Ocean. Using linear models, we evaluate statistically the ability of environmental drivers (temperature, productivity, and seasonality of productivity) to predict changes in faunal diversity, abundance, and composition. These microfossil data show glacial-interglacial shifts in overall abundances and species diversities that are low during glacial intervals and high during interglacials. These patterns replicate those previously documented in the North Atlantic Ocean, suggesting that the climatic forcing of the deep-sea ecosystem is widespread, and possibly global in nature. However, these results also reveal differences with prior studies that probably reflect the isolated nature of Shatsky Rise as a remote oceanic plateau. Ostracod assemblages on Shatsky Rise are highly endemic but of low diversity, consistent with the limited dispersal potential of these animals. Benthic foraminifera, by contrast, have much greater dispersal ability and their assemblages at Shatsky Rise show diversities typical for deep-sea faunas in other regions.

Statistical analyses also reveal ostracod-foraminferal differences in relationships between environmental drivers and biotic change. Rarefied diversity is best explained as a hump-shaped function of surface productivity in ostracods, but as having a weak and positive relationship with temperature in foraminifera. Abundance shows a positive relationship with both productivity and seasonality of productivity in foraminifera, and a hump-shaped relationship with productivity in ostracods. Finally, species composition in ostracods is influenced by both temperature and productivity, but only a temperature effect is evident in foraminifera. Though complex in detail, the global-scale link between deep-sea ecosystems and Quaternary climate changes underscores the importance of the interaction between the physical and biological components of paleoceanographical research for better understanding the history of the biosphere.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 38 , Issue 1 , Winter 2012 , pp. 162 - 179
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society

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Footnotes

∗

Present address: School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]

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