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Biogeographic and stratigraphic evidence for rapid speciation in semionotid fishes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2016

Amy R. McCune
Amy R. McCune*
Affiliation:
Corson Hall, Section of Ecology and Systematics, Division of Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Abstract

In this study I take advantage of an unusual system of fossil lakes in eastern North America to estimate the time for speciation of endemic semionotid fishes. Twenty-one species are all found in sedimentary cycle P4, the deposits of a single Early Jurassic lake, in the Towaco Formation of the Newark Basin in New Jersey. To determine the degree of endemism in the fauna from this fossil lake and estimate time for speciation, I surveyed more than 2000 museum specimens from 45 named localities in the Newark Basin and related basins of the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic Newark Supergroup. Six species not found in deposits equal in age to P4 or older are considered to be endemics, eight species occurring in older deposits presumably colonized Lake P4, and evidence for whether the remaining seven species were endemics or colonists is equivocal. The time for the formation, decline, and evaporation of Lake P4, in which P4 sediments were deposited, has been estimated at 21,000-24,000 years. Because all endemic Semionotus first occur in the first third of lake history, the estimated time for speciation of endemics is six species in 5000-8000 years. This rate is remarkably similar to that estimated for the five cichlids in Lake Nabugabo that diverged from Lake Victoria cichlids in about 4000 years.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 22 , Issue 1 , Winter 1996 , pp. 34 - 48
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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