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Status of the Endangered Canarium kipella and its lack of regeneration in ex situ cultivation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 June 2022

Enggal Primananda Open the ORCID record for Enggal Primananda [Opens in a new window] ,
Dipta Sumeru Rinandio Open the ORCID record for Dipta Sumeru Rinandio [Opens in a new window] ,
Aulia Hasan Widjaya Open the ORCID record for Aulia Hasan Widjaya [Opens in a new window]  and
Iyan Robiansyah Open the ORCID record for Iyan Robiansyah [Opens in a new window]
Enggal Primananda
Affiliation:
Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, [email protected]
Dipta Sumeru Rinandio
Affiliation:
Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, [email protected]
Aulia Hasan Widjaya
Affiliation:
Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, [email protected]
Iyan Robiansyah
Affiliation:
Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, [email protected]
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Abstract

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Type
Conservation News
Information
Oryx , Volume 56 , Issue 4 , July 2022 , pp. 491 - 492
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC BY 4.0.
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International

Canarium kipella (Burseraceae) is a tree endemic to West Java, Indonesia. According to herbarium specimens collected in 1899 and 1904, the tree occurs only in Pelabuhan Ratu and Mount Salak, respectively. Currently, it is known only from two mature individuals planted at the Bogor Botanic Gardens 106 and 62 years ago. The two collections came from seedlings collected from Mount Salak in 1916 and 1960. As a result of threats from habitat conversion into human settlements and agricultural fields, the species is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.

In 2018, I. Robiansyah and S.U. Rakhmawati surveyed Mount Salak but despite intensive exploration they were unable to locate the species. During 23–26 March 2022 we surveyed the second known location of the species, in Pelabuhan Ratu. We searched for the tree using line transects, with three surveyors, in the two protected areas in Pelabuhan Ratu (Tangkuban Perahu and Sukawayana Nature Reserves) and one unprotected area next to Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, covering an area from lowland to submontane forest over altitudes of 0–900 m. We were unable, however, to locate the species. Given this information, it seems that the species should be recategorized as Critically Endangered.

The fruits of Canarium kipella: (a) fruiting in ex situ cultivation, (b) young and ripe fruits, (c) cross-section showing seed with three locules, two with undeveloped ovules and one with a fully-developed kernel. Photos: Enggal Primananda.

The two mature trees of C. kipella in Bogor Botanic Gardens produce flowers and seeds but these do not germinate. Germination tests conducted with 200 seeds have been unsuccessful. Examination of an additional 200 seeds revealed that only 2.5% contain a fully-developed kernel. Further research on reproduction biology is needed to support the propagation and conservation of this tree species. We are planning to propagate the tree using shoot cuttings as an alternative solution to produce new individuals for ex situ collections and reintroduction and restoration in the species’ natural habitat.