In Sao Paulo State in Brazil, 85 per cent, of the forests have been felled, mostly in this century, to make way for agriculture. As it is in the tropical forest that most of the wildlife is found efforts are now concentrated on preserving the remnant and the wildlife with it. The author, who is a member of the State Forest Council and President of the Association for the Defense of the Flora and Fauna, lists the mammals and birds in danger of extermination and describes some of the 35 state forests and seven state parks already established.