For over a quarter of a century the Royal Entomological Society of London has been greatly concerned to ensure the existence of rare indigenous insects, whose continuance in this country appeared to be threatened. Originally, the Protection Committee set up by the Society was concerned mainly with the activities of certain unscrupulous collectors, which were actually threatening the very existence of beautiful and interesting species. This danger has now been very largely overcome, but in its place has sprung up a new threat, arising from modern agricultural practices, the heavy programmes of forestry, the development of housing estates, and in certain cases the activities of local authorities.