The Orang-utan or Maias, Pongo pygmaeus, which lives only in the islands of Borneo and Sumatra, is one of the animals in greatest danger of extermination throughout the world. The threat comes from the demand for young captive orangs. These are normally obtained by shooting the mother, so that, remembering also the numbers of baby orangs which must be killed accidentally with their mothers or die in transit later from disease or undernourishment, it is reasonable to estimate that for every orang to reach its final destination in captivity, at least three perish.