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The Humboldt penguin in Peru

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2009

Coppelia Hays
Coppelia Hays
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Numbers of Humboldt penguins Spheniscus humboldti, which live on the coast and islands of Chile and Peru, have been declining since the mid-1800s. Extracting guano for fertiliser has damaged their breeding sites; they have been exploited for food and skins and captured for pets or zoos; they are incidentally caught in fishing nets and recent over-fishing may have caused a food shortage. The author surveyed the Humboldt penguins in Peru in 1981 and here discusses the conservation measures that are being taken.

Type
Research Article
Information
Oryx , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , April 1984 , pp. 92 - 95
Copyright
Copyright © Fauna and Flora International 1984

References

Koepcke, H. and , Koepcke, , Maria 1963. Las Aves Silvestres de Importancia Economica del Peru. Ministerio de Agricultura, Lima, Peru. 5 pp.Google Scholar
Murphy, R.C. 1936. Oceanic Birds of South America. Vol. I. American Museum of Natural History, New York.Google Scholar
Spellerberg, I.F. 1975. The predators of penguins. In The Biology of Penguins, pp. 413–434 (Ed. Stonehouse, B.) Macmillan, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar