Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T13:30:59.533Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Changing populations of birds and mammals in North Sulawesi

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2009

Timothy G. O'Brien  and
Margaret F. Kinnaird
Timothy G. O'Brien
Affiliation:
Wildlife Conservation Society, International Programs, 185th and Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.
Margaret F. Kinnaird
Affiliation:
Wildlife Conservation Society, International Programs, 185th and Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The issues of habitat loss and hunting are of paramount importance to wildlife conservation in Asia. In Sulawesi, Indonesia, these problems are having a serious impact on the vertebrate fauna. Using line-transect methods, the densities of 11 species of large birds and mammals were compared between 1979 and 1994 in the Tangkoko-DuaSudara Nature Reserve in North Sulawesi. During those 15 years, populations ofanoa Bubalus depressicornis, bear cuscus Phalanger ursinus, crested black macaque Macaca nigra, maleo Macrocephalon maleo and red junglefowl Gallus gallus declined by 50–95 per cent while populations of Sulawesi pig Sus celebensis, Tabon scrubfowl Megapodius cumingii, Sulawesi tarictic hornbill Penelopides exarhatus and red-knobbed hornbill Aceros cassidix increased by 5–100 per cent. We considered hypotheses for these changes: habitat loss outside the reserve, habitat degradation inside the reserve, and hunting. Only hunting adequately explained the pattern of changing densities observed. Unless protection from hunting is enforced for these species, we may soon witness the demise of these unique animals in North Sulawesi and possibly throughout the island.

Type
Research Article
Information
Oryx , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , April 1996 , pp. 150 - 156
Copyright
Copyright © Fauna and Flora International 1996

References

Burnham, K.P., Anderson, D.R. and Laake, J.L. 1980. Estimation of Density from Line Transect Sampling of Biological Populations. Wildlife Monographs.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, P. 1988. The loss of diversity: causes and consequences. In Biodiversity (eds Wilson, E. O. and Peter, F. M.), pp. 21–27. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Francis, C.M. 1987. The Management of Edible Birds' Nest Caves in Sabah. Report to the Wildlife Section, Sabah Forest Department, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.Google Scholar
Harris, L. 1984. The Fragmented Forest: Island Biogeography Theory and the Preservation of Biotic Diversity. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinnaird, M.F. and O'Brien, T.G. 1993. Preliminary observations on the breeding biology of the endemic Sulawesi red-knobbed hornbill Rhyticeros cassidix. Tropical Biodiversity, 1, 107–112.Google Scholar
Kinnaird, M.F. and O'Brien, T. G. In press. Variation in red-knobbed hornbill densities: resource tracking in space and time. Auk.Google Scholar
Laake, J.L., Buckland, S.T., Anderson, D.R. and Burnham, K.P. 1993. DISTANCE User's Guide v2.0). Colorado Co-operative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.Google Scholar
Lagueux, C.J. 1991. Economic analysis of sea turtle eggs in a coastal community on the Pacific coast of Honduras. In Neotropical Wildlife Use and Conservation (eds Robinson, J. G. and Redford, K. H.), pp. 136–144. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, J. and MacKinnon, K. 1981. Cagar Alam Gn. Tangkoko-DuaSaudara, Sulawesi Utara Management Plan 1981–1986. Bogor, Indonesia.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, J. and Phillipps, K. 1993. A Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford University Press, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Brien, T.G. and Kinnaird, M.F. 1994. Notes on the density and distribution of the endemic Sulawesi tarictic hornbill (Penelopides exarhatus) in the Tangkoko-Dua Saudara Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi. Tropical Biodiversity, 2, 252–260.Google Scholar
O'Brien, T.G. and Kinnaird, M.F. In press. Behavioural ecology of the Sulawesi tarictic hornbill during the breeding season. Ibis.Google Scholar
Redford, K.H. 1992. The empty forest. Bioscience, 42, 412–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redford, K.H. and Robinson, J.G. 1985. Hunting by indigenous people and conservation of game species. Cultural Survival Quarterly, 9, 41–44.Google Scholar
Robinson, J.G. and Redford, K.H. (eds). 1991. Neotropical Wildlife Use and Conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Srikosamatara, S., Siripholdej, B. and Suteethorn, V. 1992. Wildlife trade in Lao PDR and between Lao PDR and Thailand. Natural History Bulletin of Siam, 40, 1–47.Google Scholar
Stearman, A.M. 1992. Neotropical indigenous hunters and their neighbours: Siriono, Chimane and Yuqui hunting on the Bolivian frontier. In Conservation of Neotropical Forests: Working from Traditional Resource Use (eds Redford, K. H. and Padoch, C.), pp. 108–128. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Sugardjito, J., Southwick, C.H., Supriatna, J., Kohlaas, A., Baker, S., Erwin, J., Froehlich, K. and Lerche, N. 1989. Population survey of macaques in Northern Sulawesi. American Journal of Primatology, 18, 285–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
USAID. 1994. Policy towards Protected Areas in Indonesia: Final Report. Report No. 38, AID Contract No. 497-0362, Jakarta, Indonesia.Google Scholar
Whitten, A.J., Muslimin, M. and Henderson, G.S. 1987. The Ecology of Sulawesi. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Google Scholar