¹ McWhirter, Christian L., ‘Liberty's Great Auxiliary: Music and the American Civil War’ (PhD diss., University of Alabama, 2009)Google Scholar.

² The earliest of these books include my own Opera on the Road: Traveling Opera Troupes in the United States, 1825–60 (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1993/2001), Martin, George, Verdi at the Golden Gate: Opera and San Francisco in the Gold Rush Years (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993)Google Scholar and Ahlquist, Karen, Democracy at the Opera: Music, Theater, and Culture in New York City, 1815–60 (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997)Google Scholar. Additional scholarship since the 1990s has confirmed the importance of opera in American popular culture of the nineteenth century.

³ Kelley, Bruce C. and Snell, Mark A., eds., Bugle Resounding: Music and Musicians of the Civil War Era (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2004)Google Scholar.