No CrossRef data available.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Anyone attending a political science conference these days is likely to be overwhelmed by the extreme heterogeneity of viewpoints and approaches, a heterogeneity sometimes resembling a hopeless Babel of tongues. For decades there had been talk of paradigm changes and of the erosion of “mainstream” assumptions in the discipline; more recently, this ferment has been heightened by the influx of novel perspectives whose vocabulary and intellectual style bear a distinctly continental cast. Professional reaction to these perspectives has been varied: greeted by some as instant remedies they are bemoaned by others as alien intruders threatening an already fragile consensus. I perceive them as idioms in an ongoing conversation whose lines of argument are not merely whimsical and deserve the attention of political science teachers.
1 See Husserl, Edmund, Logical Investigations, 2 vols., trans. Findlay, J. N. (New York: Humanities Press, 1970)Google ScholarIdeas: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology, trans. Gibson, W. R. Boyce (New York: Macmillan 1931)Google Scholar; Cartesian Mediations: An Introduction to Phenomenology, trans. Cairns, Dorion (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1960).Google Scholar
2 For a historical synopsis of this interaction see my “Phenomenology and Social Science: An Overview and Appraisal,” in Dallmayr, , Beyond Dogma and Despair: Toward a Critical Phenomenology of Politics (Notre Dame: University of notre Dame Press, 1981), pp. 97–119.Google Scholar
3 Compare on this development Dallmayr, and McCarthy, Thomas, eds., Understanding and Social Inquiry (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1977).Google Scholar
4 See Schutz, Alfred, The Phenomenology of the Social World, trans. Walsh, George andLehnert, Frederick (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1967)Google Scholar; also Schutz, , Collected Papers, 3 vols. (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1964-1967)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Schutz, and Luckmann, Thomas, The Structures of the Life-World, trans. Zaner, Richard M. and Englehardt, H. Tristram Jr. (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973)Google Scholar; Wagner, Helmut, Alfred Schutz: An Intellectual Biography (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983).Google Scholar
5 See Heidegger, Martin, Being and Time, trans. Macquarrie, John and Robinson, Edward (London: SCM Press, 1962)Google Scholar; Sartre, Jean-Paul, Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology, trans. Barnes, Hazel E. (New York Philosophical Library, 1956)Google Scholar; Ricoeur, Paul, Freedom and Nature: The Voluntary and the Involuntary, trans. Kohak, Erazim V. (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1966)Google Scholar; Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, Phenomenology of Perception, trans. Smith, Colin (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962).Google Scholar
6 See Heidegger, , On the Way to Language, trans. Hertz, Peter D. (New York: Harper & Row, 1971)Google Scholar; Gadamer, Hans-Georg, Truth and Method (New York: Seabury Press, 1975)Google Scholar; Freud, Paul Ricoeurand Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation, trans. Savage, Denis (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970)Google Scholar; “Existence and Hermeneutics,” in Ricoeur, , The Conflict of Interpretations: Essays in Hermaneutics, ed. Ihde, Don (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1974), pp.3–24Google Scholar; also Palmer, Richard E., Hermeneutics: Interpretation Theory in Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger, and Gadamer (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1969).Google Scholar
7 Natanson, Maurice, ed.. Phenomenology and the Social Sciences, 2 vols. (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973)Google Scholar. For more specialized treatments of sociology and psychology compare Psathas, George, ed., Phenomenological Sociology: Issues and Applications (New York: Wiley, 1973)Google Scholar; Luckmann, Thomas, ed., Phenomenology and Sociology (New York: Penguin Books, 1978)Google Scholar; Gurwitsch, Aron, Studies in Phenomenology and Psychology (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1966).Google Scholar
8 See Bernstein, Richard J., The Restructuring of Social and Political Theory (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976)Google Scholar; Jung, Hwa Yol, The Crisis of Political Understanding: A Phenomenological Perspective in the Conduct of Political Inquiry (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1979)Google Scholar. Without sharing the accent on consciousness or subjectivity my Beyond Dogma and Despair: Toward a Critical Phenomenology of Politics (1981) was pointing in a similar direction.
9 See Gunnell, John G., Political Theory: Tradition and Interpretation (Cambridge, MA: Winthrop Publ., 1979)Google Scholar; Bernstein, Richard J., Beyond Objectivism and Relativism: Science, Hermaneutics, and Praxis (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983)Google Scholar. For a treatment of hermeneutics in the context of contemporary language philosophy see my Language and Politics: Why Does Language Matter to Political Philosophy? (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1984). Compare also Ricoeur, Paul, Hermaneutics and the Human Sciences, ed. and trans. Thompson, John B. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Shapiro, Gary and Sica, AlanHermeneutics: Questions and Prospects (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984).Google Scholar
10 See Merleau-Ponty, , Humanism and Terror: An Essay on the Communist Problem, trans. O'Neill, John. (Boston: Beacon Press, 1969)Google Scholar; Adventures of the Dialectic, trans. Bien, Joseph (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973)Google Scholar; Sartre, , “Materialism and Revolution,” in Barrett, William and Aiken, Henry D., eds., Philosophy in the Twentieth Century, vol. 2 (New York: Random House, 1962), pp. 387–429Google Scholar; Critique of Dialectical Reason, trans. Sheridan-Smith, Alan (London: NLB, 1976)Google ScholarArendt, Hannah, The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958)Google Scholar; Ricoeur, , Political and Social Essays, ed. Steward, David and Bien, Joseph (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press 1974)Google Scholar; Gadamer, , Reason in the Age of Science, trans. Lawrence, Frederick G. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1981).Google Scholar
11 See Schmidt, James, Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Between Phenomenology and Structuralism (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984)Google Scholar; Kruks, Sonia, The Political Philosophy of Merleau-Ponty (Atlantic Heights, NJ: Humanities Press, 1981)Google Scholar. Cooper, Barry, Merleau-Ponty and Marxism: From Terror to Reform (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1979)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Flynn, Thomas R., Sartre and Marxist Existentialism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984)Google Scholar; Parekh, Bhikhu, Hannah Arendt and the Search for a New Political Philosophy (Atlantic Heights, NJ: Humanities Press, 1981)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Kateb, George, Hannah Arendt: Politics, Conscience and Evil (Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Allenheld, 1984)Google Scholar; Thompson, John B., Critical Hermeneutics: A Study in the Thought of Paul Ricoeur and Jurgen Habermas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12 See Roelofs, H. Mark and Houseman, Gerald L., The American Political System (New York: Macmillan, 1983)Google Scholar; Schuman, David, American Government: The Rules of the Game (New York: Random House, 1984)Google Scholar; Bureaucracies, Organizations, and Administration: A Political Primer (New York: Macmillan, 1976); The Ideology of Form: The Influence of Organizations in America (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1978). Compare also Schuman, , A Preface to Politics, 2nd ed. (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1977)Google Scholar; and Roelofs, , The Language of Modern Politics: An Introduction to the Study of Government (Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press, 1967).Google Scholar
13 See Hummel, Ralph P., The Bureaucratic Experience (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1977)Google Scholar; Harmon, Michael, Action Theory for Public Administration (New York: Longman, 1981)Google Scholar; Denhardt, Robert B., In the Shadow of Organization (Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas, 1981)Google Scholar; Theories of Public Organizations (Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publ., 1984). Compare also Marini, Frank, ed., Toward a New Public Administration (Scranton, PA: Chandler Publ. Co., 1971).Google Scholar
14 See Horkheimer, Max, Critical Theory: Selected Essays, trans. O'Connell, Matthew J. and others (New York: Herder and Herder, 1972)Google Scholar: Habermas, Jurgen, Knowledge and Human Interests, trans. Shapiro, Jeremy J. (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971)Google Scholar; Legitimation Crisis, trans. McCarthy, Thomas (Boston: Beacon Press 1975)Google Scholar; The Theory of Communicative Action, vol. 1: Reason and the Rationalization of Society, trans. McCarthy, Thomas (Boston: Beacon Press, 1984).Google Scholar
15 See Jay, Martin, The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research, 1923-1950 (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1973)Google Scholar; Held, David, Introduction to Critical Theory: Horkheimer to Habermas (London: Hutchinson, 1980)Google Scholar; Slater, Phil, Origin and Significance of the Frankfurt School (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977)Google Scholar; McCarthy, Thomas, The Critical Theory of Jurgen Habermas (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1978)Google Scholar. Compare also Kortian, Garbis, Metacritique: The Philosophical Argument of Jurgen Habermas, trans. Raffan, John (Cambridge: Cambridge Unversity Press, 1980)Google Scholar; Sennat, Julius, Habermas and Marxism: An Appraisal (Beverly Hills: Sage, 1979).Google Scholar
16 See Fischer, Frank, Politics, Values, and Public Policy: The Problem of Methodology (Boulder, Col: Westview Press, 1980)Google Scholar; Luke, Timothy W. and White, Stephen K., “Critical Theory, The Informational Revolution and an Ecological Modernity,” in Forester, John, ed., Critical Theory and Public Life (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1984)Google Scholar. Compare also Alford, C. Fred, Science and the Revenge of Nature (University of Florida Press, forthcoming)Google Scholar; Luke, , Departures from Marx: Constructing a Critique of the Informational Revolution (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, forthcoming)Google Scholar; and White, , “Reason and Authority in Habermas: A Critique of the Critics,“ American Political Science Review, vol. 74 (1980), pp. 1014–1016.Google Scholar
17 The leading representative of structuralism in anthropology is, of course, Levi-Strauss, and in linguistics Noam Chomsky; see Levi-Strauss, Claude, Structural Anthropology, trans. Jacobson, Claire and Schoepf, Brooke G. (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1967)Google Scholar. Chomsky, Noam, Language and Mind (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1968)Google Scholar. Compare also Piaget, Jean, Structuralism, trans. Maschler, Chaninah (New York: Basic Books, 1970)Google Scholar; Macksey, Richard and Donato, Eugenio, eds., The Structuralist Controversy: The Languages of Criticism and the Sciences of Man (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1970).Google Scholar
18 See MichelFoucault, , The Archaeology of Knowledge, trans. Smith, A. M. Sheridan (New York: Pantheon Books, 1972)Google Scholar, and his Language, Counter-Memory, Practice, trans. Bouchard, Donald P. and Simon, Sherry (Oxford: Blackwell, 1977)Google Scholar, Derrida, Jacques, Of Grammatology, trans. Spivak, Gayatri C. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974)Google Scholar, and his Writing and Difference, trans. Bass, Alan (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978)Google Scholar; Barthes, Roland, Elements of Semiology, trans. Lavers, Annette and Smith, Colin (New York: Hill and Wang, 1968)Google Scholar. Compare also Dreyfus, Hubert L. and Rabinow, Paul, Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Shapiro, Michael J., Language and Political Understanding: The Politics of Discursive Practices (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981)Google Scholar; Giddens, Anthony, Central Problems in Social Theory (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; also my Twilight of Subjectivity: Contributions to a Post- Individualist Theory of Politics (Amherst: University of Masachusetts Press, 1981).