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Georgian Studies and the New Testament*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2009

Extract

Much of the study of the New Testament in the recent decades of the present century has emphasized that we encounter in scripture, not so much a record of the data on which opinion about Jesus and belief in him are grounded, as the forms which these traditions and affirmations have assumed in their use, transmission and development within the early church. From the first impact of the form-critical method, this emphasis has been made more and more until its validity has been acknowledged even in many quarters where at first it might have been vociferously rejected.

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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

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References

NOTES

[1] Blake, R. P., ‘The Georgian version of Fourth Esdras from the Jerusalem Manuscript’, Harvard Theological Review 19 (1926), pp. 299375CrossRefGoogle Scholar; id. ‘The Georgian Text of Fourth Esdras from the Athos Manuscript’, ibid. XXII (1929), pp. 57–105; Dzveli aγtkmis ap'ok'ripuli c'ignebis kartuli versiebi (The Georgian versions of the apocryphal books of the Old Testament) edited by Kurcik'idze, C., 2 volumes (Tbilisi, 1970, 1973), vol. 1 pp. 320414 (text)Google Scholar; vol. 2 pp. 270–308 (introduction), 339–43 (Russian summary).

[2] ‘Adamis ap'ok'ripuli cxovrebis kartuli versia’ ed. Kurcik'idze, C., P'ilologiuri dziebani (Philological researches) vol. 1 (1964), pp. 97136.Google Scholar

[3] ‘Le livre d'Adam géorgien’, Jean-Pierre, Mahé, in Studies in Gnosticism and Hellenistic Religions, edited by van den Broek, R. and Vermaseren, M. J. (Leiden, 1981), pp. 227–60.Google Scholar

[4] For details see Hall, S. G., Melito of Sardis, On Pascha and fragments (Oxford, 1979), p. xviii fn. 4 & 5Google Scholar; p. xxxix fn. 1.

[5] Hippolyte de Rome. Sur les benedictions d'Isaac, de Jacob et Moise. Maurice Brière, Louis Mariès, B.-Ch. Merrier (Patrologia Orientalis XXVII, fasc. 1 et 2) Paris, 1954; Traités d'Hippolyte sur David et Goliath, sur le Cantique des cantiques et sur l'Antichrist. Version géorgienne éditée par Gérard Garitte (CSCO 263); traduite par Gérard Garitte (CSCO 264) (Louvain, 1965).Google Scholar

[6] Epiphanius. De gemmis. The Old Georgian Version and the Fragments of the Armenian Version, by Blake, Robert P. (Studies and Documents 2) (London, 1934).Google Scholar

[7] Lang, D. M., A modern history of Georgia (London, 1962)Google Scholar; Kalistrat, Salia, Histoire de la nation géorgienne (Paris, 1980).Google Scholar

[8] Arthur, Vööbus, Early Versions of the New Testament (Papers of the Estonian Theological Society in Exile 6) (Stockholm, 1954), p. 174.Google Scholar

[9] For bibliography see Altaner, B.Stuiber, A., Patrologie. 8, durchgesehene u. erweiterte Auflage (Freiburg, 1968), pp. 350 f.Google Scholar; for discussion, Klimov, G. V., Die kaukasischen Sprachen (Hamburg, 1969), pp. 88 ff.Google Scholar

[10] Thomson, Cp. Robert W., An Introduction to Classical Armenian (New York, 1975), p. 1Google Scholar. ‘With rare exceptions each letter had only one sound and most sounds were represented by only one letter.’

[11] For the modern language see Hans, Vogt, Grammaire de la langue géorgienne (Oslo, 1971).Google Scholar For the ancient language, there are a number of books, each useful in its own way. Amongst these we may mention, Zorell, F., Grammatik zur altgeorgischen Bibeluebersetzung (Rome, 1930) useful but antedating modern publicationsGoogle Scholar; Akaki, Schanidse, Grammatik der altgeorgischen Sprache (Tbilissi, 1982)Google Scholar; Zwolanek, R., Altgeorgische Kurzgrammatik (Freiburg/Goettingen, 1976).Google Scholar

[12] See Louis, Mariès, ‘Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare (1856–1924) Notice biographique et bibliographic critique’, Révue des études arméniennes vol. 6 (1926), pp. 185333; also separately printed.Google Scholar

[13] Streeter, B. H., The Four Gospels. A study of origins (London, 1924), pp. 90 f.Google Scholar

[14] Harvard Theological Review 21 (1928), pp. 207404CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Blake's contributions are pages 286–307 and 358–75.

[15] Patrologia Orientalis 20, fasc. 3 (Paris 1928)[Mark]Google Scholar;id. XXIV.fasc. 1 (ibid. 1933) [Matthew]; id. XXVI, fasc. 4 (ibid. 1950) [John: co-editor Maurice Brière]. Luke, which was also to have been the result of cooperation between Blake and Brière, was undertaken after his death by the latter in Patrologia Orientalis 27, fasc. 3 (Paris 1955) on the basis of Blake's materials.Google Scholar

[16] Patrologia Orientalis 29, fascs. 2–5 (Paris, 1961)Google Scholar; id. XXX, fasc. 3 (ibid. 1963).

[17] Georgian Theological Literature'’, J.Th.S. vol. 26 (1924), pp. 5064.Google ScholarFor an account of his life and scholarship see the obituary by R. L. Wolff, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 8 (1954), pp. 19.Google Scholar

[18] Evangelion da Mepharreshe (Cambridge, 1904) vol. 2, p. 250Google Scholar; J.Th.S. vol. 5 (1906), pp. 628–30 ‘St. Mark and Divorce’.Google Scholar

[19] J.Th.S. vol. 30 (1929), pp. 379 f. ‘Georgian Documents’.Google Scholar

[20] The Greek evidence appears to consist of W 1542 1654 1582 2193 1eap 872: this is von Soden's list repeated by Merk. Apart from the manuscripts given in the text, it is not possible to check these apart from microfilm collections at present inaccessible.

[21] The Gospel History and its Transmission (Edinburgh, 1906), pp. 99101.Google Scholar

[22] Oriens Christianus, 3te Serie, Bde 3/4 (1930), pp. 117–24 ‘Zum georgischen Evangelientext’.

[23] Curt Peters, Das Diatessaron Tatians (Orientalia Christiana Analecta 123: Rome, 1939), pp. 83–8 ch. VI. Das Problem der georgischen Evangelienversion.

[24] CSCO 256 (Louvain, 1965). The material set out in Oriens Christianus voll. 53–55 (1969–71) ‘Tatians Diatessaron und sein Verhaeltnis zur altsyrischen und altgeorgischen Ueberlieferung’ does not constitute a discussion and does not always coincide with the emphases of the Synopsis. What is said here in criticism does not belittle the value of Molitor's collections in other regards.

[25] Op. Cit., Einleitung, p. II.

[26] Op. cit., Sect. 17, pp. 19 ff.

[27] Birdsall, J. N., ‘“The Martyrdom of St Eustathius of Mzeta” and the Diatessaron: an Investigation’, New Testament Studies vol. 18 (1971–2), pp. 452–6CrossRefGoogle Scholar; id. ‘Diatessaric Readings in the “Martyrdom of St. Abo of Tiflis”?’ in New Testament Textual Criticism, Its significance for exegesis. Essays in honour of Bruce M. Metzger, edited by Eldon, Jay Epp and Fee, Gordon D. (Oxford, 1981), pp. 313–24.Google Scholar

[28] Akaki Shanidze, Two Old Recensions of the Georgian Gospels according to three Shatberd Manuscripts (A.D. 897, 936, and 973). (Monuments of the Old Georgian Language 2) (Tbilisi, 1945) (Title of book and series also in Georgian and Russian.)

[29] The most recent edition of the Georgian text is found in IIia Abuladze Dzveli kartuli agiograpiuli literaturis dzeglebi (Monuments of Old Georgian hagiographical literature) vol. 1 (Tbilisi, 1964), pp. 1129Google Scholar. The same scholar's study published in 1938 was reprinted in 1978 (entitled lakob Curt'avali. Mart'wilobay Šušanik'isi). A study by Paul Peeters was published in Analecta Bollandiana vol. 53 (1935), pp. 548CrossRefGoogle Scholar; 245–307 (‘Sainte Sousanik. Martyre en Arméno-Géorgie. (14 Décembre 482–484)’). An abbreviated English translation is found in Lang, D. M., Lives and Legends of the Georgian saints (London, 1956), reprint 1976, where the hagiographies named in footnote 27 above, may also be found.Google Scholar

[30] Lyonnet, S., Les origines de la version arménienne et le Diatessaron (Biblica et orientalia 13) (Rome, 1950).Google Scholar

[31] Louis Leloir, Citations du Nouveau Testament dans l'ancienne tradition arménienne. 1, A. L'évangile de Matthieu, I–XII; 1, B. L'évangile de Matthieu, XIII–XXVIII (CSCO 283, 284) (Louvain, 1967).

[32] Uriel, Weinreich, Languages in contact. Findings and problems (New York, 1953; The Hague, 1968).Google Scholar

[33] P'avles ep'ist'oleta kartuli versiebi (The Georgian versions of Paul's epistles) ed. Dzoc'enidze, K. and Danelia, K' (Works of the department of Old Georgian language 16) (Tbilisi, 1974).Google Scholar

[34] The growth of the Peshitta version of the New Testament. Illustrated from the Old Armenian and Georgian versions’, American Journal of Theology, vol. 1 (1897), pp. 883912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

[35] The Old Georgian version of Acts’, ZNTW 12 (1911), pp. 131–40.Google Scholar

[36] Lagrange, M.-J. O.P. Introduction à l'étude du Nouveau Testament. Deuxième partie Critique textuelle. II. La critique rationelle. Deuxième édition (Etudes Bibliques) (Paris, 1935).Google Scholar

[37] On these and other figures of Georgian literary history reference may be made to Michael Tarchnišvili, Geschichte der kirchlichen georgischen Literatur (Studie testi 185) (Citta del Vaticano, 1955). Cp. Blake's article cited in fn. 17.

[38] Danelia, K., Evtales st'ikomet'riis dzveli kartuli redakciebi (The Old Georgian redactions of the stichometry of Euthalius) Dzveli kartuli enis k'atedris šromebi (Works of the department of Old Georgian language) 20 (Tbilisi, 1977), pp. 53149.Google Scholar

[39] J. Neville Birdsall, ‘The Euthalian material and its Georgian versions’ forthcoming in the Festschrift for M. Geerard (to be published in connection with Clavis patrum graecorum, Turnhout).

[40] See Lagrange op. cit. (fn. 36) pp. 467 f.; Kurt, Treu, Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments in der UdSSR (TU 91) (Berlin, 1966), pp. 31–4Google Scholar; Kirsopp, Lake, Facsimiles of the Athos fragments of codex H of the Pauline Epistles (Oxford, 1905).Google Scholar

[41] On the Euthalian apparatus see Guenther, Zuntz, The Ancestry of the Harklean New Testament (The British Academy. Supplemental Papers no. VII), London n.d. (= 1945)Google Scholar; Willard, L. C., A critical study of the Euthalian apparatus (Yale University Ph.D. 1970), University Microfilms Ann Arbor Michigan, 1971.Google Scholar

[42] See Paetsch, G., Zu semantischen Problemen in der altgeorgischen Uebersetzung der Paulusbriefe, Bedi Kartlisa XXXIV (1976), pp. 199213.Google Scholar

[43] L'ancienne version géorgienne des Actes des Apostres d'après deux manuscrits du Sinai (Bibliothèque du Muséon 38) (Louvain, 1955).

[44] Illa Abuladze, Sakme mocikulta (Dzveli kartuli enis dzeglebi 7) (Tbilisi, 1949).

[45] See The Beginnings of Christianity. Part I. The Acts of the Apostles, edited by Foakes Jackson, F. J. and Kirsopp, Lake. Vol. 5. Additional Notes (London, 1933). Note IV. ‘The Death of Judas’ by Kirsopp Lake.Google Scholar

[46] K'atolike ep'ist'oleta. Kartuli versiebi. (The Catholic epistles. Georgian versions), edited by Ketevan, Lortkipanidze (Dzveli kartuli enis dzeglebi 9) (Tbilisi, 1956).Google Scholar

[47] Die altgeorgische Version der katholischen Briefe’, Oriens Christianus 49 (1965), pp. 117Google Scholar; id. 50 (1966), pp. 37–45.

[48] Birdsall, J. N., ‘The Georgian version of the Book of Revelation’, Le Muséon 91 (1978), pp. 355–66.Google Scholar

[49] Studien zur Geschichte des griechischen Apokalypse-Textes (Muenchener Theologische Studien. 1 Ergaenzungsband) 2 Teile (Muenchen, 1955, 1956).Google Scholar

[50] See Rory, Egan, ‘Lexical evidence on two Biblical passages’, Novum Testamentum 19 (1977), pp. 3462Google Scholar; Birdsall, J. Neville, ‘Gothic-Georgian contacts in Biblical translation’, APXEION ΠONTOϒ 35 (1979), pp. 359–62.Google Scholar