To test the hypothesis that fructan structure can be used as a taxonomic character for the Poaceae we examined the accumulation of the linear, β-2,6-linked fructan series with a terminal glucose residue within the tribes Aveneae and Poeae. Only Dactylis glomerata L. (Poeae) has been shown to contain this series, making it unique among fructan structures and a potential taxonomic marker. To this end, 13 members of the tribes Aveneae and Poeae were surveyed for the presence of this fructan series by comparing extracts of water-soluble carbohydrate by TLC with an extract of D. glomerata. The fructans of four species were similar to those of D. glomerata, as determined by TLC. Further comparison by anion-exchange chromatography and linkage analysis demonstrated that Phalaris aquatica L., Puccinellia stricta (Hook. f.) C. H. Blom and Holcus lanatus L. contained a linear, β-2,6-linked series of fructan with a terminal glucose residue but that Lagurus ovatus L., although containing predominantly β-2,6-linked fructan was composed of more than one series of fructan, one with a terminal glucose residue and one with an internal glucose residue. A linear β-2,6-linked series of fructans with a terminal glucose residue was the dominant fructan accumulated by some species of genera belonging to both the Aveneae (Phalaris and Holcus) and the Poeae (Dactylis and Puccinellia). As both of these tribes also contain genera that accumulate fructans with an internal glucose residue, e.g. Avena and Lagurus (Aveneae) and Lolium (Poeae), structure of fructan cannot be used to distinguish these tribes. Review of the literature, however, showed that it is possible to separate the supertribes Triticodae and Poodae on the basis of the structure of the fructan that they accumulate.