Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T14:51:21.918Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Conduct, Meaning and Inequality in an İstanbul Courthouse

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2015

Dicle Koğacıoğlu*
Affiliation:
Sabancı University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey, [email protected]

Abstract

This essay seeks to analyze the daily reproduction of inequalities in and around a contemporary İstanbul civil courthouse. Based on an ethnographic study in three poor urban neighborhoods and their civil courthouse, I examine the mode of conduct in the latter and the ways in which this mode is perceived. This study shows that routinized divergences from formalistic premises in the courthouse are not perceived as flaws, but placed within informal relations. This enmeshing of formal and informal practices is considered normal by both the legal professionals and lay low-income litigants. These constituencies, however, perceive this conduct rather differently in relation to their own and others' attributes. Lay low-income litigants locate it within a broader idiom of “doing administration,” a series of tactics to engage within a horizon of perpetual injustice. For legal professionals, on the other hand, the daily mixing of formal and informal practices has to do with their mission of “educating” and transforming those in need to participate in the culture of the state. I discuss the particular relation of these two perceptions in normalizing the view of the law as a site, not of formal egalitarianism, but of hierarchical social engagements.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © New Perspectives on Turkey 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abel, Richard L.American Lawyers.” In Lawyers: A Critical Reader, edited by Abel, Richard L., 117–31. New York: The New Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Abel, Richard L.The Politics of Informal Justice. New York: Academic Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Agmon, Iris. Family and Court: Legal Culture and Modernity in Late Ottoman Palestine. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Alexander, Catherine. Personal States: Making Connections between People and Bureaucracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benton, Lauren A.Law and Colonial Cultures: Legal Regimes in World History, 1400-1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Bohannan, Paul. Justice and Judgment Among the Tiv. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1957.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. “The Force of Law: Toward a Sociology of the Juridical Field.” Hastings Law Journal 38 (1987): 805–53.Google Scholar
Calavita, Kitty. “Immigration, Law, and Marginalization in a Global Economy: Notes From Spain.Law and Society Review 32, no. 3 (1998): 529–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candan, Ayfer Bartu, and Kolluoğlu, Biray. “Emerging Spaces of Neoliberalism: A Gated Town and a Public House Project in İstanbul.New Perspectives on Turkey, no. 39 (2008): 546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cirhinlioğlu, Zafer. Türkiye'de Hukuk Mesleği. Ankara: Gündoğan Yayınları, 1997.Google Scholar
Cohn, Bernard S.Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Conley, John M., and O'Barr, William M.. Rules versus Relationships: The Ethnography of Legal Discourse. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberle, Gotanda, Neil, Peller, Garry, and Thomas, Kendall, eds. Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings that Formed the Movement. New York: New Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Dalton, Clare. “An Essay in the Deconstruction of Contract Doctrine.Yale Law Journal 94, no. 5 (1985): 9971114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delgado, Richard, ed. Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Erder, Sema. İstanbul'a Bir Kent Kondu: Ümraniye, İstanbul: İletişim, 1996.Google Scholar
Erder, Sema. Kentsel Gerilim. Ankara: Uğur Mumcu Araştırmacı Gazetecilik Vakfı, 1997.Google Scholar
Erder, Sema. “Where Do You Hail from? Localism and Networks in Istanbul.” In Istanbul: Between the Globaland the Local, edited by Keyder, Çağlar, 161–72. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 1999.Google Scholar
Erman, Tahire. “Becoming Urban or Remaining Rural: The Views of the Turkish Rural-to-Urban Migrants on the Integration Question.International Journal of Middle East Studies 30, no. 4 (1998): 541–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ewick, Patricia, and Silbey, Susan. The Common Place of Law: Stories from Everyday Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Felstiner, William L. F., Abel, Richard L., and Sarat, Austin. “The Emergence and Transformation of Disputes: Naming, Blaming, Claiming.” Law and Society Review 15, no. 3/4 (1981): 631–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Pantheon, 1977.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. “On Governmentality.” Ideology and Consciousness 6 (1979).Google Scholar
Galanter, Marc. “Why the Haves Come Out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change.Law and Society Review 9, no. 1 (1974): 95160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerber, Haim. State, Society and Law in Islam: Ottoman Law in Comparative Perspective. New York: State University of New York Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Ginsburg, Tom. “Does Law Matter for Economic Development? Evidence from East Asia.Law and Society Review 34, no. 3 (2000): 829–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gluckman, Max. The Judicial Process among the Barotse of Northern Rhodesia. Glencoe: The Free Press, 1955.Google Scholar
Göle, Nilüfer. Mühendisler ve İdeoloji: Öncü Devrimcilerden Yenilikçi Seçkinlere. İstanbul: İletişim, 1986.Google Scholar
Güneş-Ayata, Ayşe. “Gecekonduda Kimlik Sorunu, Dayanışma Örüntüleri ve Hemşehrilik.Toplum ve Bilim, no. 52 (1991): 89101.Google Scholar
Holmes, Oliver Wendell. “The Path of the Law.Harvard Law Review 10, no. 8 (1897): 457–78.Google Scholar
Hunt, Alan, and Wickham, Gary. Foucault and Law: Towards a Sociology of Law as Governance. London: Pluto Press, 1994.Google Scholar
İlkkaracan, İpek, and İlkkaracan, Pınar. “Kuldan Yurttaşa: Kadınlar Neresinde?” In Yetmişbeş Yılda Tebaa'dan Yurttaş’a Doğru, edited by Ünsal, Artun, 7790. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı, 1998.Google Scholar
Işık, Oğuz, and Pınarcıoğlu, M. Melih. Nöbetleşe Yoksulluk: Gecekondulaşma ve Kent Yoksulları Sultanbeyli Örneği, İstanbul: İletişim, 2001.Google Scholar
Kaplan, Sam. The Pedagogical State. Education and the Politics of National Culture in Post-1980 Turkey. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, Duncan. “Form and Substance in Private Law Adjudication.Harvard Law Review 89, no. 8 (1976): 1685–778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, Duncan. “Legal Education as Training for Hierarchy.” In The Politics of Law: A Progressive Critique, edited by Kairys, David, 5477. New York: Basic Books, 1998.Google Scholar
Keyder, Çağlar. “Whither the Project of Modernity? Turkey in the 1990s.” In Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey, edited by Kasaba, Reşat and Bozdoğan, Sibel, 3751. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Koğacıoğlu, Dicle. “Law in Context: Citizenship and Reproduction of Inequality in an İstanbul Courthouse.” Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2003.Google Scholar
Korkman, Z.Mothers, Fathers, and the State: Child Custody Contestations in Turkey.” M. A. Thesis, Boğaziçi University, 2004.Google Scholar
Llewellyn, Karl N.Some Realism about Realism: Responding to Dean Pound.Harvard Law Review 44, no. 8 (1931): 1222–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackinnon, Catharine A.Difference and Dominance: On Sex Discrimination.” In Feminist Legal Theory: Foundations, edited by Weisberg, D. Kelly, 276–87. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Mardin, Şerif. “The Just and the Unjust.Daedalus 120, no. 3 (1991): 113–29.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl. “Debates on the Law on Theft of Woods.” In The Sociology of Law: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Trevino, Javier A., 128–39. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Merry, Sally E.Getting Justice and Getting Even: Legal Consciousness among Working Class Americans. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Merry, Sally E.Going to Court: Strategies of Dispute Management in an American Urban Neighborhood.” In The Law and Society Reader, edited by Abel, Richard L., 3658. New York: NYU Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Nader, Laura. Harmony Ideology: Justice and Control in a Zapotee Mountain Village. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ong, Aihwa. Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Otacı, Cengiz. Hukukun Laikleşme Serüveni, İstanbul: Birey, 2004.Google Scholar
Ozman, A.The State and Bar Associations in Turkey: A Study in Interest Croup Politics.” Ph.D. Thesis, Bilkent University, 1995.Google Scholar
Öncü, Ayşe. “The Transformation of the Bases of Social Standing in Contemporary Turkish Society.” In Structural Social Change in Turkish Society, edited by Kıray, Mübeccel. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Özbay, Ferhunde. “Migration and Intra-Provincial Movements in İstanbul between 1985-1990.” Boğaziçi Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies 11, no. 2 (1997): 115–50.Google Scholar
Özbay, Ferhunde, and Yücel, Banu. “Türkiye'de Göç Hareketleri: Devlet Politikaları ve Demografik Yapı.” In Nüfus ve Kalkınma, 169. Ankara: Hacettepe Universitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, 2002.Google Scholar
Parla, Taha. Türkiye'de Anayasalar, İstanbul: İletişim, 1991.Google Scholar
Peirce, Leslie. Morality Tales: Law and Gender in the Ottoman Court of Aintab. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Provine, Doris Marie. “Too Many Black Men: The Sentencing Judge's Dilemma.Law and Social Inquiry 23, no. 4 (1998): 823–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanear, Mithat, and Ümit, Eylem. Yargıda Algı ve Zihniyet Kalıpları, İstanbul: TESEV, 2007.Google Scholar
Santos, Boaventura de Sousa. “The Law of the Oppressed: The Construction and Reproduction of Legality in Pasargada.Law and Society Review 12, no. 1 (1977): 5126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarat, Austin. “The Law is All Over: Power, Resistance and the Legal Consciousness of the Welfare Poor.Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities 2, no. 2 (1990): 343–80.Google Scholar
Seng, Yvonne. “Standing at the Gates of Justice: Women in the Law Courts of Early-Sixteenth-Century Uskudar, Istanbul.” In Contested States: Law, Hegemony and Resistance, edited by Lazarus-Black, Mindie and Hirsch, Susan F.. New York: Routledge, 1994.Google Scholar
Sirman, Nükhet. “State, Village and Gender in Western Turkey.” In Turkish State, Turkish Society, edited by Sirman, Nükhet and Finkel, Andrew, 289310. New York: Routledge, 1990.Google Scholar
Starr, June. Law and Social Transformation in Aegean Turkey. New Delhi: Skinnycats, 1979.Google Scholar
Starr, June, and Pool, Jonathan. “The Impact of a Legal Revolution in Rural Turkey.Law and Society Review, 8 no. 4 (1974): 533–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, John R.Law/Society: Origins, Interactions, and Change. Boston: Pine Forge Press, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamanaha, Brian Z.Law as a Means to an End: Threat to the Rule of Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanör, Bülent. Osmanlı-Türk Anayasal Gelişmeleri, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi, 1998.Google Scholar
Tekeli, İlhan. Kent Planlaması Konuşmaları. Ankara: TMMOB Mimarlar Odası, 1991.Google Scholar
Tekeli, İlhan. Türkiye'de Kentleşme Yazıları. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi, 1982.Google Scholar
Trubek, David M., and Galanter, Marc. “Scholars in Self Estrangement: Some Reflections on the Crisis in Law and Development Studies in the United States.Wisconsin Law Review, no. 4 (1974): 1062–101.Google Scholar
Türem, Z. Umut. “Globalization of Law and the Legal Profession in Turkey.” M. A. Thesisi, Boğaziçi University, 2001.Google Scholar
Türköz, M. F.The Social Life of the State's Fantasy: Memories and Documents on Turkey's 1934 Surname Law.” Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2003.Google Scholar
Tyler, Tom R.Justice and Power in Civil Dispute Processing.” In Justice and Power in Sociolegal Studies, edited by Garth, Bryant G. and Sarat, Austin, 309–48. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Wacquant, Loïc. “Deadly Symbiosis: When Ghetto and Prison Meet and Mesh.Punishment and Society 3, no. 1 (2001): 95133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, Max. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. New York: Bedminster Press, 1968.Google Scholar
White, Jenny B.Money Makes Us Relatives: Women's Labor in Urban Turkey. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Wendy. “Equality's Riddle: Pregnancy and the Equal Treatment/Special Treatment Debate' in Weisberg.” In Feminist Legal Theory: Foundations, edited by Weisberg, D. Kelly, 128–55. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Yazıcı, Berna. “Social Work and the Politics ofthe Family at the Crossroads of Welfare Reform in Turkey.” Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University, 2007.Google Scholar
Yngvesson, Barbara. Virtuous Citizens, Disruptive Subjects: Order and Complaint in a New England Court. New York: Routledge, 1993.Google Scholar
Zürcher, Erik Jan. Turkey: A Modern History. London: I. B. Tauris, 1998.Google Scholar