Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T07:07:38.641Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Turkey, the Middle East, and the Black Sea World: A Scenario within the Confidence Interval of Future Studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2015

Eyüp Özveren*
Affiliation:
Middle East Technical University, Ankara

Extract

An otherwise unremarkable author, L.P. Hartley deserves credit for his astute observation that the past is a foreign country where they do things differently. The qualitative difference of the past from the present has intrigued many a methodologically-concerned social scientist such as Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Karl Polanyi. As a matter of fact, the reservation that the categories by way of which we approach the analysis of the modern world are by no means equally applicable to the study of pre-modern historical formations is as old as the modern social sciences. If the past is a foreign country the boundaries of which are well defined and the territory of which has been mapped for good, the future remains as the terra incognita waiting for its Columbus, the courageous discoverer. Moreover, because the relevant geography of the future is not a given but only in the making, the task of the social scientist becomes squarely difficult as s/he does not face before her/him a well defined terrain. It is for this reason that, on the whole, social scientists have shied away from exploring the future in a systematic way until recently.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © New Perspectives on Turkey 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aliboni, Roberto. 1992. “The Mediterranean Dimension,” in Wallace, William (ed.), The Dynamics of European Integration. London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs.Google Scholar
Akder, Halis. 1987. “Turkey's Export Expansion in the Middle East, 1980-1985,” The Middle East Journal, 41, pp. 553567.Google Scholar
Alpay, Şahin. 1991. 2020 Yılında Türkiye. İstanbul: AFA Yayınları.Google Scholar
Aricanlı, Tosun and Rodrik, Dani (eds.). 1990. Political Economy of Turkey: Debt, Adjustment, and Sustainability. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkey, Henri (ed.). 1992. The Politics of Reform in the Middle East. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Braudel, Fernand. 1969. Ecrits sur l’histoire. Paris: Flammarion.Google Scholar
Celasun, Merih and Rodrik, Dani. 1989. “Debt, Adjustment, and Growth: Turkey,” in Sachs, Jeffrey D. and Collins, Susan M. (eds.), Developing Country Debt and Economic Performance. Vol 3, IV, pp. 615821.Google Scholar
Chaudhury, Kiren Aziz. 1994. “Economic Liberalization and the Lineages of the Rentier State,” Comparative Politics, pp. 125.Google Scholar
Crystal, Jill. 1989. “Coalitions in Oil Monarchies: Kuwait and Qatar,” Comparative Politics, 21, pp. 427-43.Google Scholar
Crystal, Jill 1990. Oil and Politics in the Gulf: Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and Qatar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duruiz, Lale and Yentürk, Nurhan. 1992. Facing the Challenge: Turkish Automobile, Steel and Clothing Industries’ Responses to the Post-Fordist Restructuring. İstanbul: Ayhan Matbaası.Google Scholar
Eraydın, Ayda. 1992. Post-Fordizm ve Değişen Mekansal Öncelikler. Ankara: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Matbaası.Google Scholar
Fierman, William (ed.). 1991. Soviet Central Asia: the Failed Transformation. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Fukuyama, Francis. 1992. The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Fuller, Graham E. 1991. The Center of the Universe: the Geopolitics of Iran. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Fuller, Graham E. and Lesser, Ian O. (eds.). 1993. Turkey’s New Geopolitics: from the Balkans to Western China. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Gellner, Ernest. 1992. “From the Ruins of the Great Contest: Civil Society, Nationalism and Islam,” The Times Literary Supplement, March 13, pp. 910.Google Scholar
Gül, Atakan. 1995. Mekan Arayışındaki Avrasya Boru Hatları ve Türkiye. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları.Google Scholar
Harik, Iliya and Sullivan, Denis J. (eds.). 1992. Privatization and Liberalization in the Middle East. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Hudson, Michael C. 1991. “After the Gulf War: Prospects for Democratization in the Arab World,” Middle East Journal, 45, 3, pp. 407-26.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1993. “Clash of Civilizations?Foreign Affairs, 72, 3, pp. 2249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibrahim, Saad Eddin. 1993. “Crises, Elites, and Democratization in the Arab World,” Middle East Journal, 47, 2, pp. 292305.Google Scholar
Ismael, Tareq Y. and Ismael Jacqueline, S. (eds). 1994. The Gulf War and the New World Order: International Relations of the Middle East. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
Kazancigil, Ali. 1991. “Democracy in Muslim Lands: Turkey in Comparative Perspective,” International Social Science Journal, 128, pp. 344-60.Google Scholar
Kolars, John F. and Mitchell, William A. 1991. The Euphrates River and the Southeast Anatolia Development Project. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
Kut, Gün. 1993. “Burning Waters: The Hydropolitics of the Euphrates and Tigris,” New Perspectives on Turkey, 9, pp. 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawson, Fred H. 1991. “Managing Economie Crises: The Role of the State in Bahrain and Kuwait,” Studies in Comparative International Development, pp. 4367.Google Scholar
Mesbahi, Mohiaddin. 1994. “Russia and the Geopolitics of the Muslim South,” in Mesbahi, Mohiaddin (ed.), Central Asia and the Caucasus after the Soviet Union. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida, pp. 268319.Google Scholar
Minc, Alain. 1993. Le Nouveau Moyen Age. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Mütercimler, Erol. 1993a. Ertuğrul Faciası ve 21. Yüzyıla Doğru Türk-Japon İlişkisi. İstanbul: Anahtar Kitaplar.Google Scholar
Mütercimler, Erol. 1993b. 21. Yüzyılın Eşiğinde Uluslararası Sistem ve Türkiye-Türk Cumhuriyetleri İlişkiler Modeli. İstanbul: Anahtar Kitaplar.Google Scholar
Nas, Tevfık and Odekon, Mehmet (eds.). 1992. The Economies and Politics of Turkish Liberalization. Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University Press.Google Scholar
Niblock, Tim and Murphy, Emma (eds.). 1993. Economic and Political Liberalization in the Middle East. London: British Academic Press.Google Scholar
Owen, Roger. 1993. State, Politics and Power in the Making of the Modem Middle East. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Öniş, Ziya. 1995. “Turkey in the Post-Cold War Era: In Search of Identity,” Middle East Journal, 49, 1, pp. 4868.Google Scholar
Özüye, Oktay. 1992. “Black Sea Economic Cooperation,” Mediterranean Quarterly, 3, 3, pp. 4854.Google Scholar
Özveren, Eyüp. 1997 (forthcoming). “A Framework for the Study of the Black Sea World, 1789-1915,” Review, XX, 1.Google Scholar
Paksoy, H.B. (ed.). 1994. Central Asia Reader: The Rediscovery of History. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Redmond, John. 1993. The Next Mediterranean Enlargement of the European Community: Turkey, Cyprus and Malta? Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Richards, Alan and Waterbury, John. 1990. A Political Economy of the Middle East: State, Class, and Economic Development. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Roy, Olivier. 1992. L’Echec de l’Islam politique. Paris: Editions Du Seuil.Google Scholar
Salame, Ghassan. 1994. Democracy without Democrats?: The Renewal of Politics in the Muslim World. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Salame, Ghassan. 1994. “Torn Between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Europe and the Middle East in the Post-Cold War Era,” Middle East Journal, 48, 2, pp. 226249.Google Scholar
Saray, Mehmet. 1993. Azerbaycan Türkleri Tarihi İstanbul: Nesil.Google Scholar
Singer, Morris. 1984. “The Economic Performance of the Turkish Republic,” Middle Eastern Studies, XX, 4, pp. 155-65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Şen, Sabahattin (ed.). 1993. Su Sorunu, Türkiye ve Ortadoğu. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları.Google Scholar
Şen, Sabahattin 1992. Yeni Dünya Düzeni ve Türkiye. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları.Google Scholar
Şenses, Fikret. 1990. “An Assessment of the Pattern of Turkish Manufactured Export Growth in the 1980s and Its Prospects,” in Arıcanlı, Tosun and Rodrik, Dani (eds.), Political Economy of Turkey: Debt, Adjustment and Sustainability. London: Macmillan, pp. 6077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tekeli, İlhan and İlkin, Selim. 1993. Türkiye ve Avrupa Topluluğu. Ankara: Ümit Yayıncılık.Google Scholar
Wagar, Warren. 1989. A Short History of the Future. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wagar, Warren. 1991. The Next Three Futures: Paradigms of Things to Come. Greenwood: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1991. Geopolitics and Geoculture: Essays on the Changing World-System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Waterbury, John. 1983. The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat: The Political Economy of Two Regimes. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, Rodney. 1994. “The Economic Relations of the Middle East: Toward Europe or within the Region,” Middle East Journal, 48, 2, pp. 268287.Google Scholar
Zorgbibe, Charles. 1991. L’Histoire et géopolitique du Golfe. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar