Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T15:09:54.260Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The reemergence of İstanbul’s film industry: a path-dependence perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 April 2017

Özlem Öz
Affiliation:
Department of Management, Boğaziçi University, 34342, Bebek, İstanbul, Turkey, [email protected].

Abstract

This article analyzes the reemergence of the film industry in İstanbul since the mid-1990s. In exploring the industrial and spatial dynamics of this process of reemergence, we employ the perspective of path dependence, conducted with the aid of historical analysis and in-depth interviews with the key actors of the sector. By zooming in on the details of this industry’s reemergence, we uncover the specifics of the process of revival in terms of both the industry itself and of location. Analysis of the industry reveals the impact on the revival of İstanbul’s film sector of system-wide developments, the key roles played by the advertising and television sectors, and entrepreneurial initiatives. Analysis of location, on the other hand, reveals that, following the collapse of Yeşilçam—the historical center of İstanbul’s film industry—two new clusters have emerged, one located in the vicinity of the old center (Beyoğlu) and the other in a rising commercial district (Levent).

Type
Articles
Copyright
© New Perspectives on Turkey and Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Authors’ Note: The authors would like to express their gratitude to Erkan Büker, Deniz Gürgen, and Ayça Vardarlı for establishing contacts for the interviews.

References

Abisel, Nilgün. Türk Sineması Üzerine Yazılar. Ankara: Phoenix, 2005.Google Scholar
Akpınar, Necati. Interview by Özlem Öz and Kaya Özkaracalar. İstanbul. January 29, 2013. 15:00–17:00.Google Scholar
Aksoy, Asu. “Riding the Storm: ‘New Istanbul’.” City 16, no. 1–2 (2012): 93111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arslan, Savaş. Cinema in Turkey: A New Critical History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Arthur, W. Brian, “Competing Technologies and Lock-in by Historical Events: The Dynamics of Choice under Increasing Returns.” CEPR Technical Paper No. 43. Stanford: Stanford University, 1985.Google Scholar
Aslan, Ferhat. Interview by Özlem Öz and Kaya Özkaracalar. İstanbul. February 11, 2014. 10:30–11:45.Google Scholar
Behlil, Melis. “Close Encounters? Contemporary Turkish Television and Cinema.” Wide Screen 2, no. 2 (2010). http://widescreenjournal.org/index.php/journal/issue/view/25/28.Google Scholar
Belussi, Fiorenza and Sedita, Silvia Rita. “Life Cycle vs. Multiple Path Dependency in Industrial Districts.” European Planning Studies 17, no. 4 (2009): 505528.Google Scholar
Breznitz, Dan. “Slippery Paths of (Mis)understanding? Historically Based Explanations in Social Science.” In The Hidden Dynamics of Path Dependence: Institutions and Organizations. Edited by Georg Schreyögg, and Jörg Sydow. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010): 1332.Google Scholar
Candan, Ayfer Bartu and Kolluoğlu, Biray. “Emerging Spaces of Neoliberalism: A Gated Town and a Public Housing Project in İstanbul.” New Perspectives on Turkey 39 (2008): 546.Google Scholar
Capoccia, Giovanni and Kelemen, R. Daniel. “The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism.” World Politics 59 (2007): 341369.Google Scholar
Çetin-Erus, Zeynep. “Son On Yılın Popüler Türk Sinemasında Televizyon Sektörünün Etkileri.” Marmara İletişim Dergisi 12 (2007): 123133.Google Scholar
Coe, Neil M. “The View from out West: Embeddedness, Inter-personal Relations and the Development of an Indigenous Film Industry in Vancouver.” GeoForum 31 (2000): 391407.Google Scholar
David, Paul A. “Clio and the Economics of QWERTY.” American Economic Review 75 (1985): 332337.Google Scholar
Dudrah, Rajinder Kumar. Bollywood: Sociology Goes to the Movies. New Delhi: Sage, 2006.Google Scholar
Eder, Mine and Öz, Özlem. “Neo-liberalization of İstanbul’s Nightlife: Beer or Champagne?International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 39, no. 2 (2015): 284304.Google Scholar
Enlil, Zeynep Merey, Evren, Yiğit and Dinçer, İclal. “Cultural Triangle and Beyond: A Spatial Analysis of Cultural Industries in İstanbul.” Planning Practice & Research 26, no. 2 (2011): 167183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erdoğan, Nezih. “Narratives of Resistance: National Identity and Ambivalence in the Turkish Melodrama between 1965 and 1975.” Screen 39, no. 3 (1998): 259271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erdoğan, Nezih and Göktürk, Deniz. “Turkish Cinema.” In Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film. Edited by Oliver Leaman. New York: Routledge, 2001. 548549.Google Scholar
Evren, Burçak. Türk Sineması/Turkish Cinema. İstanbul-Antalya: Aksav-Türsak, 2006.Google Scholar
Grabher, Gernot. “The Weakness of Strong Ties: The Lock-in of Regional Development in the Ruhr Area.” In The Embedded Firm: On the Socioeconomics of Industrial Networks . Edited by Gernot Grabher. London and New York: Routledge, 1993. 255277.Google Scholar
Henning, Martin, Stam, Erik and Wenting, Rik. “Path Dependence Research in Regional Economic Development: Cacophony or Knowledge Accumulation?Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography 12, no. 19. Utrecht: Utrecht University Urban & Regional Research Centre, 2013.Google Scholar
“Hollywood Antalya’da Kuruluyor.” Antalya Büyükşehir Belediyesi website. April 7, 2016. http://antalya.bel.tr/haberler/hollywood-antalyada-kuruluyor.Google Scholar
Jones, Candace. “Co-evolution of Entrepreneurial Careers, Institutional Rules and Competitive Dynamics in American Film, 1895-1920.” Organization Studies 22 (2001): 911944.Google Scholar
Keyder, Çağlar. “İstanbul into the Twenty-First Century.” In Orienting İstanbul: Cultural Capital of Europe? Edited by Deniz Göktürk, Levent Soysal, and İpek Türeli. Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2010. 2534.Google Scholar
Krugman, Paul. Geography and Trade. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Lukinbeal, Chris. “Teaching Historical Geographies of American Film Production.” The Journal of Geography 101 (2002): 250260.Google Scholar
Mahoney, James. “Path Dependence in Historical Sociology.” Theory and Society 29 (2000): 507548.Google Scholar
Martin, Ron. “Roepke Lecture in Economic Geography – Rethinking Regional Path Dependence: Beyond Lock-in to Evolution.” Economic Geography 86, no. 1 (2010): 127.Google Scholar
Martin, Ron and Sunley, Peter. “Path Dependence and Regional Economic Evolution.” Journal of Economic Geography 6 (2006): 395437.Google Scholar
Mehta, Monika. “Globalizing Bombay Cinema: Reproducing the Indian State and Family.” Cultural Dynamics 17 (2005): 135154.Google Scholar
Öz, Özlem. Clusters and Competitive Advantage: The Turkish Experience. New York and Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Öz, Özlem and Özkaracalar, Kaya. “What Accounts for the Resilience and Vulnerability of Clusters? The Case of Istanbul’s Film Industry.” European Planning Studies 19, no. 3 (2011): 361378.Google Scholar
Özkaracalar, Kaya. “2015’te Sayılarla Türkiye Sineması.” Yeni Film 39–40 (2016): 6971.Google Scholar
Özkaracalar, Kaya. “Türkiye Sinemasının Geçmişine Dair Seyirci Sayıları.” Yeni Film 41–42 (2016): 3336.Google Scholar
Özön, Nijat. Türk Sinema Tarihi. İstanbul: Artist Yayınları, 1962.Google Scholar
Pierson, Paul. “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics.” The American Political Science Review 94, no. 2 (2000): 251267.Google Scholar
Polanyi, Karl. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon Press, 1944.Google Scholar
Porter, Michael E. On Competition. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 1998.Google Scholar
Sayman, Aydın and Kar, Erdoğan. Basic Database of the Turkish Cinema 1996–2006. İstanbul: Cinetürk, (undated).Google Scholar
Schreyögg, Georg and Sydow, Jörg. “Understanding Institutional and Organizational Path Dependencies.” In The Hidden Dynamics of Path Dependence: Institutions and Organizations. Edited by Georg Schreyögg, and Jörg Sydow. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. 312.Google Scholar
Scognamillo, Giovanni. Türk Sinema Tarihi. İstanbul: Kabalcı, 2014.Google Scholar
Scott, Allen J. “A New Map of Hollywood: The Production and Distribution of American Motion Pictures.” Regional Studies 36 (2002): 957975.Google Scholar
Scott, Allen J. On Hollywood: The Place, The Industry. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Simmie, James. “Path Dependence and New Technological Path Creation in the Danish Wind Power Industry.” European Planning Studies 20, no. 5 (2012): 753772.Google Scholar
Storper, Michael. “The Transition to Flexible Specialization in the US Film Industry: The Division of Labor, External Economies and the Crossing of Industrial Divides.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 13 (1989): 273305.Google Scholar
Storper, Michael and Venables, Anthony J.. “Buzz: Face-to-face Contact and the Urban Economy.” Journal of Economic Geography 4 (2004): 351370.Google Scholar
Suner, Asuman. New Turkish Cinema: Belonging, Identity and Memory. London and New York: Tauris, 2010.Google Scholar
Turok, Ivan. “Cities, Clusters and Creative Industries: The Case of Film and Television in Scotland.” European Planning Studies 11 (2003): 549565.Google Scholar
Vargı, Mine, Interview by Özlem Öz and Kaya Özkaracalar. İstanbul. May 24, 2016. 18:00–21:00.Google Scholar
Yardımcı, Sibel. Kentsel Değişim ve Festivalism: Küreselleşen İstanbul’da Bienal. İstanbul: İletişim, 2005.Google Scholar
Zukin, Sharon. The Cultures of Cities. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.Google Scholar