Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T00:23:48.504Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

On the Relation Between Global Modernity and Nationalism: The Crisis of Hegemony and the Rise of (Islamic) Identity in Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2015

E. Fuat Keyman
E. Fuat Keyman*
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Bilkent University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Turkey did not rise phoenix-like out of the ashes of the Ottoman Empire. It was ‘made’ in the image of the Kemalist elite which won the national struggle against foreign invaders and the old regime. Thereafter, the image of the country kept changing as the political elite grew and matured, and as it responded to challenges both at home and abroad. This process of ‘making’ goes on even today (Ahmad 1993, p.i).

The process of contemporary globalization in its most general form involves a tension between universalism and particularism (see Robertson, 1992, pp. 8-61). On the one hand, with Francis Fukuyama’s “the end of history thesis” which suggests universalization of liberal democracy, along with the globalization of free market ideology, the dissolution of differences into sameness can be said to mark an emergence of cultural homogenization. On the other hand, it can be suggested that particularistic conflicts have begun to dictate the mode of articulation of political practices and ideological/discursive forms in global relations, which draws our attention to the tendency towards cultural heteroge-nization. Arjun Appadurai asserts in this context that “the central problem of today’s global interactions is the tension between cultural homogenization and cultural heterogenization”, or, as he puts it:

the central feature of global culture today is the politics of the mutual effort of sameness and difference to cannibalize one another and thus to proclaim their successful hijacking of the twin Enlightenment ideas of the triumphantly universal and the resiliently particular (Appadurai, 1990, p. 17).

Type
Research Article
Information
New Perspectives on Turkey , Volume 13 , Fall 1995 , pp. 93 - 120
Copyright
Copyright © New Perspectives on Turkey 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdel-Malek, A. 1981. Social Dialectics. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Ahmad, F. 1993. The Making of Modern Turkey. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Anderson, B. 1983. Imagined Communities. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Appadurai, A. 1990. “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy”, in Featherstone, M., Global Culture. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Berberoğlu, B. 1982. Turkey in Crisis. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Birtek, F. and Toprak, B. 1993. “The Conflictual Agendas of Neo-Liberal Reconstruction and the Rise of Islamic Politics in Turkey: The Hazards of Rewriting Turkish Modernity”, Praxis International, 13, pp. 192–211.Google Scholar
Bora, T. 1995. Milliyetçiliğin Kara Baharı. Ìstanbul: Birikim.Google Scholar
Campbell, D. 1992. Writing Security. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Carrier, J. G. 1992. “Occidentalism: the World Turned Upside-down”, American Ethnologist, 19, pp. 43–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chatterjee, P. 1986. Nationalist Thought and The Colonial World; A Derivative Discourse. The United Nations University: Zed Books.Google Scholar
de Ferro, C..1995. “The Will to Civilization and its encounter with Laissez-Faire”, Alternatives, 27, pp. 89–103.Google Scholar
Eralp, A. 1990. “The Politics of Turkish Development Strategies”, in Finkel, A. and Sirman, N. (eds), Turkish State, Turkish Society. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. 1979. “Governmentality”, Ideology and Consciousness, 6, pp. 5–21.Google Scholar
Göle, N. 1991. Modern Mahrem. İstanbul: Metis.Google Scholar
Göle, N. 1994. “Toward an Autonomization of Politics and Civil Society in Turkey”, in Heper, M. and Evin, A. (eds), Politics in the Third Turkish Republic. Boulder: Westview.Google Scholar
Gülalp, H. 1983. Gelişme Stratejileri Gelişme İdeolojileri. Ankara: Yurt Yayınları.Google Scholar
Hall, S., Held, D., and McGrew, T. (eds). 1992. Modernity and its Futures. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Heper, M. 1985. The State Tradition in Turkey. North Humberside: The Eothen Press.Google Scholar
Kadıoğlu, A. 1995. “Milletini Arıyan Devlet: Türk Milliyetçiliğinin Açmazları”, Türkiye Günlüğü, 33, pp. 91–100.Google Scholar
Kandiyoti, D. 1989. “Women and the Turkish State: Political Actors or Symbolic Pawns”, in Yuval-Davis, A. and Anthias, F. (eds), Woman-Nation-State. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Kandiyoti, D. 1991. Women, Islam, and the State. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keyder, Ç. 1987. State and Class in Turkey. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Keyder, Ç. 1993a. “The Dilemma of Cultural Identity on the Margin of Europe”, Review, 16, pp. 19–33.Google Scholar
Keyder, Ç. 1993b “Türk Milliyetçiliğine Bakmaya Başlarken”, Toplum ve Bilim, 62, pp. 7–18.Google Scholar
Keyman, E. F. 1995. “Demokrasi, Topluluk, Fark”, Toplum ve Bilim, 66, pp. 140–167.Google Scholar
Keyman, E. F. 1996. Globalization, State, Identity/Difference. New Jersey: Humanities Press.Google Scholar
Köker, L. 1990. Modernleşme, Kemalism, ve Demokrasi. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.Google Scholar
Landau, J.M. (ed). 1984. Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey. Boulder: Westview Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, B. 1968. Emergence of Modem Turkey. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Robertson, R. 1992. Globalization. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Said, Edward W. 1979. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Said, Edward W. 1993. Culture and Imperialism. London: Chatto and Vindus.Google Scholar
Samim, A. 1981. “The Left”, in Schick, I. C. and Tonak, A. E. (eds), Turkey in Transition. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sarıbay, A. Y. 1994. Postmodernite, Sivil Toplum ve İslam. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.Google Scholar
Sirman, N. 1989. “Feminism in Turkey: A Short History”, New Perspectives on Turkey, 3, pp. 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spivak, G.C. 1987. In Other Worlds. New York: Methuen.Google Scholar
Steinbach, U. 1984. “The Impact of Atatürk on Turkey's Political Culture since World War II”, in Landau, J. M. (ed), Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Toprak, B. 1987. “The Religious Right”, in Schick, I. C. and Tonak, A. E. (eds), Turkey in Transition. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tünay, M. 1993. “The Turkish New Right's Attempt at Hegemony”, in Eralp, A., Tünay, M. and Yeşilada, B. A. (eds), The Political and Socioeconomic Transformation of Turkey. Westport: Preager.Google Scholar
Yerasimos, S. 1987. “The Monoparty Period” in Schick, I. C. and Tonak, A. E. (eds), Turkey in Transition.Google Scholar
Yeşilada, B.A. 1993. “Turkish Foreign Policy toward the Middle East, in Eralp, A., Tünay, M. and Yeşilada, B. A. (eds), The Political and Socioeconomic Transformation of Turkey. Westport: Preager.Google Scholar