Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T14:11:07.341Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Landlords, Refugees, and Nomads: Struggles for Land around Late-Nineteenth-Century Ayvalik*1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2015

Yücel Terzibaşoğlu
Yücel Terzibaşoğlu*
Affiliation:
Birkbeck College, University of London
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Throughout the Ottoman Empire, land was always the major source of revenue and surplus and thus inevitably a major source of contention. Myriad property-rights disputes were recorded in the registers of the local kadı courts and archives of the various ministries in Istanbul. Conflicts over the agricultural surplus revealed in such documentation demonstrate, for instance, that peasants in the sixteenth century not only contested taxes imposed on them but also opposed the illegal transfer of land titles by the sipahis (İnalcık 1997, p. 72). By the middle of the sixteenth century, the practice of selling state-owned miri lands–which by legal definition could not be bought or sold–had become widespread, sometimes even confirmed by the rulings of the local kadı courts. The stamp of şeriyye implicit in the kadı's ruling meant in effect that the land subject to sale was taken out of the miri land regime and placed in the legal category of freehold mülk lands (İnalcık 1997, p. 112).

Type
Articles
Information
New Perspectives on Turkey , Volume 24 , Spring 2001 , pp. 51 - 82
Copyright
Copyright © New Perspectives on Turkey 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

The research upon which this paper is based was partially funded by a grant from the MEAwards Research Program in Population and Development, The Population Council, WANA Regional Office in Cairo. I am grateful for their support.

1

I thank the editors of this journal and the anonymous reader for their helpful comments. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International Summer Academy of the Working Group Modernity and Islam, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Casablanca, September 1999; Workshop on Legal Transformations: State and Property, the Russian and Ottoman Empires Compared, 18th/19th centuries, supported by the European Science Foundation and the STICERD, LSE, London, December 1999; and Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, December 2000. I thank all the participants for their comments and suggestions.

References

Andrews, P.A. 1989. Ethnie Groups in the Republic of Turkey. Wiesbaden, Germany: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag.Google Scholar
Ankan, Zeki. 1988. “1821 Ayvalık İsyanı,” Belleten LII (203).Google Scholar
Augustinos, Gerasimos. 1992. The Greeks of Asia Minor: Confession, Community and Ethnicity in the Nineteenth Century. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University.Google Scholar
Ayhan, Aydin. 1997. Balıkesir ve Çevresinde İskan Hareketleri. Ankara: Karşı Basın Yayın Matbaacılık.Google Scholar
Ayhan, Aydin 1999. Balıkesir ve Çevresinde Yörükler, Çepniler ve Muhacirler. Balıkesir: Zağnos Kültür ve Eğitim Vakfı.Google Scholar
Davison, Roderic H. 1990. Essays in Ottoman and Turkish History, 1774-1923: The Impact of the West. London: Saqi Books.Google Scholar
Dietrich, Karl. 1918. Hellenism in Asia Minor. New York: Oxford University Press (American Branch for the American Hellenic Society).Google Scholar
Faroqhi, Suraiya. 1984. Towns and Townsmen in Ottoman Anatolia: Trade, Crafts and Food Production in an Urban Setting, 1520-1650. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Faroqhi, Suraiya 1991. “Wealth and Power in the Land of Olives: Economic and Political Activities of Müridzade Hacı Mehmed Agha, Notable of Edremit,” in Landholding and Commercial Agriculture in the Middle East, ed. Keyder, Çağlar and Tabak, Faruk. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Faroqhi, Suraiya 1995. Coping with the State: Political Conflict and Crime in the Ottoman Empire, 1550-1720. Istanbul: ISIS Press.Google Scholar
Gökalp, Altan. 1980. Têtes Rouges et Bouches Noires: Une Confrérie Tribale de l’Ouest Anatolien. Paris: Société d’ethnographie.Google Scholar
Halaçoğlu, Yusuf. 1997. XVIII. Yüzyılda Osmanlı împaratorluğu’nun İskan Siyaseti ve Aşiretlerin Yerleştirilmesi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.Google Scholar
İnalcık, Halil. 1997. “The Ottoman State: Economy and Society, 1300-1600,” in An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, ed. Quataert, H. İnalcık and D.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
İslamoğlu-İnan, Huricihan. 1992. “An Agenda for Comparative History: Law and Property as Aspects of State Power,” METU Studies in Development 19(4), pp. 607-20.Google Scholar
Kazgan, Haydar. 1991. Galata Bankerleri. Istanbul: Türk Ekonomi Bankası Yayınları.Google Scholar
Keyder, Çağlar. 1999. “Peripheral Port-Cities and Politics on the Eve of the Great War,” New Perspectives on Turkey, no. 20 (spring), pp. 27–47.Google Scholar
Mundy, Martha. 1994. “Village Land and Individual Title: Musha’ and Ottoman Land Registration in the ‘Ajlun District,” in Village, Steppe and State: The Social Origins of Modern Jordan, ed. Rogan, E.L. and Tell, T.. London: British Academic Press.Google Scholar
Mundy, Martha 1996. “Qada’ ‘Ajlun in the Late Nineteenth Century: Interpreting a Region from the Ottoman Land Registers,” Levant XXVIII, pp. 77–95.Google Scholar
Mundy, Martha 2001. “Village Authority and the Legal Order of Property (the Southern Hauran 1876-1922),” in New Perspectives on Property and Land in the Middle East, ed. Owen, R.. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press (Harvard Middle Eastern Studies Monographs).Google Scholar
Nagata, Yuzo. 1997. Tarihte Ayanlar: Karaosmanoğulları Üzerine bir İnceleme. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.Google Scholar
Orhonlu, Cengiz. 1987. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Aşiretlerin İskanı. Istanbul: Eren Yayınlan.Google Scholar
Quataert, Donald. 1997. “The Age of Reforms, 1812-1914,” in, An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, ed. İnalcık, H. and Quataert, D.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shaw, Stanford J., and Shaw, Ezel K.. 1988. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Volume II: Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey, 1808-1975. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Llewellyn M. 1973. Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor, 1912-1922. London: Allen Lane.Google Scholar
Su, Kamil. 1938. Balıkesir ve Civarında Yürük ve Türkmenler. Istanbul.Google Scholar
Thompson, Edward T. 1975. Whigs and Hunters: The Origins of the Black Act. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
1992. Customs in Common. New York: New Press.Google Scholar