Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T16:51:06.219Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Borders of Europe: Fantasies of identity in the enlargement debate on Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2015

Bülent Küçük*
Affiliation:
Eurosphere Project Fellow, Sabanci University, İstanbul, [email protected].

Abstract

The European public debate on Turkey's EU accession either emphasizes Turkey's political (in)competence for EU membership, or marks its cultural difference. Based on the discourse analysis of this debate in the German mass media, this paper questions the dominant European perspective, by placing emphasis on how and where the symbolic borders of an imagined Europe become visible. I will argue that the debate surrounding Turkey's accession to the EU reveals an ambivalent discursive process as it places the construction of the self-definition of Europe at the frontier of its Turkish-Islamic “Other.”

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © New Perspectives on Turkey 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahiska, M.Occidentalism: The Historical Fantasy of the Modern.” The South Atlantic Quarterly 102, no. 2-3 (2003): 351379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahmad, A.Between Orientalism and Historicism.” In Orientalism: A Reader, edited by Macfie, A. L, 285298. New York: New York University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Angelova, P.Der Balkan – “Eine Landschaft als Schicksal”? Die Landschaft und das Schicksal.” (2007), www.inst.at/berge/perspektiven/angelova.htm.Google Scholar
Angermüller, J.Diskurs als Aussage und Äußerung: Die enunziative Dimension in den Diskurstheorien Michel Foucaults und Jacques Lacans.” (2005), http://www.johannes-angermueller.de/dateien/AngermuellerLacanAeusser150205.pdf.Google Scholar
Asad, T.Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Balibar, E.Europe: Vanishing Mediator.” Constellations 10, no. 3 (2003): 312338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartsch, M., Brandt, A., Kaiser, S., Latsch, C., Meyer, C., and Schmidt, C.. “Mekka Deutschland: Die stille Islamisierung.” Der Spiegel, 26 March 2007.Google Scholar
Bauman, Z.Moderne und Ambivalenz: Das Ende der Eindeutigkeit. Frankfurt: Fischer, 1996.Google Scholar
Becker, K. H.Islamstudien: Vom Werden und Wesen der Islamischen Welt. Vol. 2. Leipzig: Quelle & Meyer, 1924-1932.Google Scholar
Brubaker, R.Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, X.Introduction to Occidentalism.” In Postcolonialism: Critical Concepts in Literary and Cultural Studies, edited by Brydon, D., 934960, 2001.Google Scholar
Coronil, F.Jenseits des Okzidentalismus. Unterwegs zu nichtimperialen geohistorischen Kategorien.” In Jenseits des Eurozentrismus: Postkoloniale Perspektiven in den Ceschichts- und Kultunvissenschaflen, edited by Conrad, S. and Randeria, S.. Frankfurt, New York: Campus, 2002.Google Scholar
Çil, N.Topographie des Außenseiters: Türkische Generationen und der deutsch-deutsche Wiedervereinigungsprozess. Berlin: Schiler, 2007.Google Scholar
de Winter, L.Vor den Trümmern des großen Traums.” Die Zeit, 18 November 2004.Google Scholar
Delanty, C.Inventing Europe: Idea, Identity, Reality. London: Macmillan, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eder, K.Europäische Öffentlichkeit und multiple Identitäten: Das Ende des Volksbegriffs?” In Europäische Öffentlichkeit, edited by Claudius, F. and Ulrich, K. P., 5978. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2004.Google Scholar
Eder, K.Transnationale Kommunikationsräume und die Entstehung einer europäischen Gesellschaft.” In Die europäische Gesellschaft, edited by Hettlage, R. and Müller, H. P., 155173. Konstanz: UVK, 2006.Google Scholar
Elias, N., and Scotson, J.L.. Etablierte und Außenseiter. Baden-Baden: Suhrkamp, 1990.Google Scholar
Ertuğrul, K.Contemporary Image of European Identity and Turkish Experience of Westernisation.” Ph.D. diss., Middle East Technical University, 2000.Google Scholar
FAZ, 16 December 1997; 15 December 1999; 7, 11, 19 December 2002; 13, 19 December 2004.Google Scholar
Fischer, J.From Confederacy to Federation: Thoughts on the Finality of European Integration.” Speech delivered at Humboldt University Berlin, 12 May 2000.Google Scholar
Gingrich, A.Österreichische Identitäten und Orientbilder. Eine ethnologische Kritik.” In Wir und die Anderen: Islam, Literatur und Migration, edited by Dostal, W., Niederle, H. A. and Wernhart, K.. Wien: WUV, 1999.Google Scholar
Hage, G.White Nation: Fantasies of White Supremacy in a Multicultural Society. Annandale, NSW: Pluto Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Hurd, E. S.Negotiating Europe: The Politics of Religion and the Prospects for Turkish Accession.” Review of International Studies no. 32 (2006): 401418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jachtenfuchs, M.Verfassung, Parlamentarismus, Deliberation. Legitimation und politischer Konflikt in der Europäischen Union.” In Politik in einer entgrenzten Welt, edited by Landfried, C.. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 2000.Google Scholar
Jacobs, D., and Maier, R.. “European Identity: Construct, Fact and Fiction.” In A United Europe: The Quest for a Multifaceted Identity, edited by Gastelaars, M. and Rujiter, A., 1334. Maastricht: Shaker, 1998.Google Scholar
Kahraman, H. B.İçselleştirilmiş Açık ve Gizli Oryantalizm ve Kemalizm.” Doğu-Batı no. 20/1 (2002): 159185.Google Scholar
Kastaryano, R.French Secularism and Islam: France's Headscarf Affair.” In Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach, edited by Modood, T., Zapate-Barrero, R. and Triandafyllidou, A., 5769. London, New York: Routledge, 2006.Google Scholar
Kielmansegg, P. G.Integration und Demokratie.” In Europäische Integration, edited by Jachtenfuchs, M. and Kohler-Koch, B., 4773. Frankfurt am Main: Leske/Budrich, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knoblauch, H.Diskurs, Kommunikation und Wissensoziologie.” In Handbuch Sozialwissenschaftliche Diskursanalyse, edited by Keller, R., Hirseland, A., Schneider, W. and Viehöver, W., 209226. Opladen: Leske/Budrich, 2001.Google Scholar
Kovács, M., and Kabachnik, P.. “Shedding Light on the Quantitative Other: The EU's Discourse in the Commission Opinions of 1997.” In Empire's New Clothes: Unveiling EU-Enlargement, edited by Böröcz, J. and Kovács, M., 147194. London: Central Europe Review, 2001.Google Scholar
Laclau, E., and Mouffe, C.. Hegemony und Socialist Strategy. London: Verso, 1985.Google Scholar
Lowe, L.Critical Terrains: French and British Orientalisms. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Malik, K.The Meaning of Race: Race, History and Culture in Western Society. London: Macmillan, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nehring, A.Orientalismus und Mission: Die Repräsentation der tamilischen Gesellschaft und Religion durch Leipziger Missionare 7840-1940. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003.Google Scholar
Neumann, I. B.Use of the Other The East in European Identity Formation. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Polaschegg, A.Der andere Orientalismus: Regeln deutsch-morgenländlicher Imagination im ig. Jahrhundert. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollock, S.Indology, Power, and the Case of Germany.” In Orientalism: A Reader, edited by Macfie, A. L.. New York: New York University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Porter, D.Orientalism and Its Problems.” In The Politics of Theory, edited by Barker, F.et al., 179193. Colchester: University of Essex, 1983.Google Scholar
Ringmar, E.Identity, Interest, and Action. A Cultural Explanation of Sweden's Intervention in the Thirty Years War. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruggie, J. G.Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations.” International Organization 47, no. 1 (1993): 139174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Said, E.Orientalismus. Frankfurt: Ullstein, 1981.Google Scholar
Schaar, S.Orientalism at the Service of Imperialism.” In Orientalism: A Reader, edited by Macfie, A. L., 181193. New York: New York University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Scharpf, F.Regieren in Europa. Effektiv und demokratisch? Frankfurt, New York: Campus, 1999.Google Scholar
Schiffauer, W.Enemies within the Gates: The Debate About the Citizenship of Muslims in Germany.” In Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach, edited by Modood, T., Zapate-Barrero, R. and Triandafyllidou, A., 94116. London, New York: Routledge, 2006.Google Scholar
Schluchter, W.Max Weber's Sicht des Islams: Interpretation und Kritik. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1987.Google Scholar
Sher, A.A Di-Vision of Europe: The Enlargement Union Enlarged.” In Empire's New Clothes: Unveiling EU-Enlargement, edited by Böröcz, J. and Kovács, M., 235272. London: Central Europe Review, 2001, http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~eu/Empire.pdf.Google Scholar
Stauth, G.Islamische Kultur und moderne Gesellschaft: Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Soziologie des Islams. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2000.Google Scholar
Sträth, B.Introduction. Europe as Discourse.” In Mytfi and Memory in the Construction of Community: Historical Patterns in Europe and Beyond, edited by Sträth, B., 1344. Bruxelles: Peter Lang, 2000.Google Scholar
Stravakakis, Y.Lacan and the Political. London: Routledge, 1999.Google Scholar
SZ, 14 February 1997; 5 December 2002.Google Scholar
TAZ, 11 December 1999; 5 December 2002; 15 December 2004.Google Scholar
Todorova, M.Historical Legacies between Europe and near East.” Paper presented at the Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 21 May 2007.Google Scholar
Triandafyllidou, A.Religious Diversity and Multiculturalism in Southern Europe: The Italian Mosque Debate.” In Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach, edited by Modood, T., Zapate-Barrero, R. and Triandafyllidou, A., 94142. London, New York: Routledge, 2006.Google Scholar
Turner, B. S.From Orientalism to Global Sociology.” In Orientalism: A Reader, edited by Macfie, A. L., 369375. New York: New York University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Wæver, O.Explaining Europe by Decoding Discourses.” In Explaining European Integration, edited by Anders, W., 100146. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Political Studies Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Wæver, O.Insecurity, Security and Asecurity in the West European Non-War Community.” In Security Communities, edited by Adler, E. and Barnett, M., 69118. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wehler, H. U.Das Türkenproblem.” Die Zeit, 12 September 2002.Google Scholar
Wendt, A.Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Žižek, S.The Sublime of Ideology. London: Verso, 1989.Google Scholar