Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 February 2024
1. The man himself.
An incapacity to read French led me to the discovery of the significance of J.-K. Huysmans. In his book A Time to Keep Silence, Patrick Leigh Fermor used Huysmans’ term ‘les paratonnerres de la société’ to refer to the monastic calling, the time spent in ‘silent factories’ reducing ‘the moral overdraft of mankind’. One would expect monks to act as tuning forks for the holy, but hardly in this dramatic fashion, which seemed more the preserve of liberal theologians with advanced views. The phrase resonated in this sociological imagination. It seemed to be an answer to a long-standing effort to link sociology to an understanding of liturgical performance, where the actors endeavour to attune those present to signals of transcendence emerging from the absent. Huysmans appeared to be awarding monks a striking success in their social activities in attracting Divine attention. Apart from needing to find out the context of the phrase, a puzzle arose as to who was J.-K. Huysmans.
Initial inquiries were perplexing. Huysmans was infamous for his work A Rebours, the classical pioneering study of the art of decadence. This was the book that so influenced Wilde in The Portrait of Dorian Gray, and which elicited the lofty mot at his trial that he never spoke of the morality of an author. Further inquiry indicated that Huysmans had become bored with decadence and had returned to Catholicism. An account of his return was given in his book, En Route. The paths of both authors crossed oddly in the present day, for the only copy of this work that could be located by the interlibrary loan service at Bristol University was at Reading. His dalliance with vice in A Rebours was well known; his return to virtue in En Route seems to have been overlooked.
1 Fermor, Patrick Leigh, A Time to Keep Silence, London: Penguin, 1988, p. 34Google Scholar.
2 Baldick, Robert, The Life of J.‐K. Huysmans, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955, pp. 329–357Google Scholar.
3 Althusser, Louis, For Marx, London: Penguin Books, 1969Google Scholar. For an incisive critique of Althusser's writings, see Thompson, E.P., The Poverty of Theory & other essays, London: Merlin Books, 1978, pp. 193–406.Google Scholar
4 Paul Webster, ‘Victim of a broken mind’, The Guardian, 8th October 1988. I must thank my colleague Dr Rohit Barot for drawing this article to my attention.
5 Lepenies, Wolf, Between Literature and Science: the Rise of Sociology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, p. 23Google Scholar.
6 Comte, Auguste, The Catechism of Positive Religion, trans., Congreve, Richard, Clifton, New Jersey: Augustus M. Kelley, 1973Google Scholar.
7 Hughes, H. Stuart, Consciousness and Society. The Reorientation of European Social Thought 1890–1930, New York: Vintage Books, 1958Google Scholar, Chapter 9, ‘The European Imagination and the First World War’, see especially pp. 336–358. See also Cronin, Vincent, Paris on the eve 1900–1914, London: Collins, 1989Google Scholar.
8 du Gard, Roger Martin, Jean Barois, trans. Gilbert, Stuart, London: The Bodley Head, 1950Google Scholar. See also: Gibson, Robert, Roger Martin du Gard, London: Bowes & Bowes, 1961Google Scholar; and Robidoux, Rejean, Roger Martin du Gard et la Religion, no city of publication listed: Aubier, 1964Google Scholar.
9 Weber, Max, ‘Science as a Vocation’ in Gerth, H.H. and Mills, C. Wright, trans., and eds., From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, New York: Oxford University, 1958, p. 155Google Scholar.
10 Flanagan, Kieran, ‘To be a Sociologist and a Catholic: A Reflection’New Blackfriars, vol. 67, June 1986, pp. 256–270CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
11 Vattimo, Gianni, The End of Modernity, Nihilism and Hermeneutics in Post‐modern Culture, trans. Snyder, Jon R., Cambridge: Polity Press, 1988Google Scholar.
12 Frisby, David, Fragments of Modernity, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1985, pp. 12–21Google Scholar. See also Benjamin, Walter, Charles Baudelaire. A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism, trans. Zohn, Harry, London: Verso, 1983.Google Scholar
13 Pichois, Claude, Baudelaire, trans. Robb, Graham, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1989, pp. 365–366Google Scholar.
14 Robert Baldick, The Life of J.‐K. Huysmans, op. cit., p. 356.
15 Huysmans, J.‐K., Against Nature, trans. Baldick, Robert, London: Penguin, p. 220Google Scholar
16 Robert Baldick, The Life of J.‐K. Huysmans, op.cit., p. 69.
17 ibid., p. 91.
18 Huysmans, J.‐K., La Bas (Lower Depths), London: Dedalus, 1986Google Scholar.
19 Robert Baldick, The Life of J.‐K. Huysmans, op.cit., p. 184. For the account of his return to Catholicism, see Huysmans, J.‐K., En Route, trans. Paul, C. Kegan, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd., 1918Google Scholar.
20 Beaumont, Barbara, ed. and trans., The road from decadence: letters of J.‐K. Huysmans, London: Athlone Press, 1989, p. 148Google Scholar.
21 Ricoeur, Paul, The Symbolism of Evil, trans. Buchanan, Emerson, Boston: Beacon Press, 1969, p. 351Google Scholar.
22 Robert Baldick, The Life of J.‐K. Huysmans, op. cit., p. 229.
23 Goffman, Erving, Interaction Ritual. Essays on Face‐to‐Face Behaviour, London: Penguin, 1972, p. 86Google Scholar.
24 J.‐K. Huysmans, La Bas, op.cit., pp. 241–250.
25 Huysmans, J.‐K., The Cathedral, trans. Bell, Clara, London: Dedalus/Hippocrene, 1989, pp. 61–65Google Scholar.
26 See Barbara Beaumont, ed. and trans., The road from decadence, op.cit.
27 Ryan, Mary, Introduction to Paul Claudel, Cork: Cork University Press, 1951, pp. 6–7Google Scholar.
28 Baldick, Robert, The Life of J.‐K. HuysmansGoogle Scholar, op. cit., p. 217.
29 Huysmans, J.‐K., The Oblate, trans. Perceval, Edward, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd., 1924Google Scholar.
30 Robert Baldick, The Life of J.‐K. Huysmans, op. cit., p. 180.
31 Bernstein, Jay, ‘Art against Enlightenment’ in Benjamin, Andrew ed., The Problems of Modernity: Adorno and Benjamin, London: Routledge, 1989, p. 65Google Scholar.
32 Latourelle, Rene, Man and his problems in the light of Jesus Christ, New York: Alba House, 1983, p. 171Google Scholar.
33 ibid., pp. 157–215.
34 Beckford, James A., Religion and Advanced Industrial Society, London: Unwin Hyman, 1989Google Scholar.
35 Steiner, George, Real Presences, London: Faber and Faber, 1989, p. 229Google Scholar.
36 ibid., p. 214.