Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T07:05:18.682Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A fused mixed-methods approach to thematic analysis of personal networks: Two case studies of caregiver support networks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2021

Reza Yousefi Nooraie Open the ORCID record for Reza Yousefi Nooraie [Opens in a new window] ,
Bronwyn Thompson ,
Chelsea D’Silva ,
Ian Zenlea ,
Maryam Tabatabaee  and
Ardavan Mohammad Aghaei
Reza Yousefi Nooraie*
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, 265 Crittenden Blvd., CU 420644, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
Bronwyn Thompson
Affiliation:
Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada (e-mails: [email protected], chelsea.d’[email protected], [email protected])
Chelsea D’Silva
Affiliation:
Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada (e-mails: [email protected], chelsea.d’[email protected], [email protected])
Ian Zenlea
Affiliation:
Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada (e-mails: [email protected], chelsea.d’[email protected], [email protected]) Division of Children’s Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Maryam Tabatabaee
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran (e-mails: [email protected], [email protected])
Ardavan Mohammad Aghaei
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran (e-mails: [email protected], [email protected])
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Thematic analysis of personal networks involves identifying regularities in network structure and content, and grouping networks into types/clusters, to allow for a holistic understanding of social complexities. We propose an inductive approach to network thematic analysis, applying the learnings from qualitative coding, fused mixed-methods analysis, and typology development. It involves framing (changing focus by magnifying, aggregating, and graphical configuration), pattern detection (identification of underlying dimensions, sorting, and clustering), labeling, and triangulating (confirmation and fine-tuning using quantitative and qualitative approaches); applied repeatedly and emergently. We describe this approach utilized in two cases of studying support networks of caregivers.

Keywords

network analysismixed methodstypologyego-networkscaregiver networks
Type
Research Article
Information
Network Science , Volume 9 , Issue 2 , June 2021 , pp. 236 - 253
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Footnotes

Action Editor: Laura Koehly

References

Agneessens, F., Waege, H., & Lievens, J. (2006). Diversity in social support by role relations: A typology. Social Networks, 28(4), 427–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOCNET.2005.10.001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, C., Hogarty, G., Bayer, T., & Needleman, R. (1984). Expressed emotion and social networks of parents of schizophrenic patients. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 247–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angell, B., & Bolden, G. (2015). Justifying medication decisions in mental health care: psychiatrists’ accounts for treatment recommendations. Social Science & Medicine, 138, 44–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antonucci, T., Fiori, K., Birditt, K., & Jackey, L. (2010). Convoys of social relations: integrating life-span and life-course perspectives. In Lerner, R., Lamb, M., & Freund, A. (Eds.), The handbook of life-span development. John Wiley & Sons Inc.Google Scholar
Bazeley, P., & Kemp, L. (2012). Mosaics, triangles, and DNA metaphors for integrated analysis in mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 6, 55–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernard, H. R. (2013). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (2nd ed.). Sage.Google Scholar
Bidart, C., Degenne, A., & Grossetti, M. (2018). Personal networks typologies: A structural approach. Social Networks, 54, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bijnsdorp, F., Pasman, H., Francke, A., Evans, N., Peeters, C., & van Groenou, M. (2019). Who provides care in the last year of life? A description of care networks of community-dwelling older adults in the Netherlands. BMC Palliative Care, 18, 41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brandes, U., Lerner, J., Lubbers, M., McCarty, C., Molina, J., & Nagel, U. (2010). Recognizing modes of acculturation in personal networks of migrants. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 4, 4–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandes, U., Lerner, J., & Nagel, U. (2011). Network ensemble clustering using latent roles. Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, 5(2), 81–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, H.-Y., Chiou, C.-J., & Chen, N.-S. (2010). Impact of mental health and caregiver burden on family caregivers’ physical health. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 50(3), 267–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2009.04.006 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chappell, N., & Reid, R. (2002). Burden and well-being among caregivers: examining the distinction. Gerontologist, 42, 772–780.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chowdhury, M. (2015). Coding, sorting and sifting of qualitative data analysis: Debates and discussion. Quality & Quantity, 49(3), 1135–1143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collier, D., LaPorte, J., & Seawright, J. (2012). Putting typologies to work: Concept formation, measurement, and analytic rigor. Political Research Quarterly, 65(1), 217–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doeven-Eggens, L., De Fruyt, F., Hendriks, A., Bosker, R., & Van der Werf, M. (2008). Personality and personal network type. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 689–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dominguez, S., & Hollstein, B. (Eds.). (2014). Mixed methods social networks research: Design and applications. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eppler, M. (2006). A comparison between concept maps, mind maps, conceptual diagrams, and visual metaphors as complementary tools for knowledge construction and sharing. Information Visualization, 5(3), 202–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, R. M., & Street, R. L. (2011). Shared mind: Communication, decision making, and autonomy in serious illness. Annals of Family Medicine, 9(5), 454–461. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1301 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fast, J., Keating, N., Otfinowski, P., & Derksen, L. (2004). Characteristics of family/friend care networks of frail seniors. Canadian Journal on Aging, 23, 5–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forbes, G., Loudon, K., Treweek, S., Taylor, S., & Eldridge, S. (2017). Understanding the applicability of results from primary care trials: lessons learned from applying PRECIS-2. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 90, 119–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giannella, E., & Fischer, C. (2016). An inductive typology of egocentric networks. Social Networks, 47, 15–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, W., & Brown, A. (2009). Working with qualitative data. Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grbich, C. (2013). Qualitative data analysis: an introduction. Sage.Google Scholar
Gresswell, I., Lally, L., Adamis, D., & McCarthy, G. M. (2018). Widening the net: exploring social determinants of burden of informal carers. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 35(1 PG-43–51), 43–51. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2017.36 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gudicha, D., Tekle, F., & Vermunt, J. (2016). Power and sample size computation for Wald tests in latent class models. Journal of Classification, 33, 30–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobsson, L., & Ghanean, H. (2013). Internalized stigma of mental illness in Sweden and Iran—A comparative study. Open Journal of Psychiatry, 3(4), Article ID: 36817.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaworska, N., & Chupetlovska-Anastasova, A. (2009). A review of multidimensional scaling (MDS) and its utility in various psychological domains. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 5, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joyce, J., Leese, M., Kuipers, E., Szmukler, G., Harris, T., & Staples, E. (2003). Evaluating a model of caregiving for people with psychosis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38(4), 189–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keating, N., & Dosman, D. (2009). Social capital and the care networks of frail seniors. Canadian Review of Sociology, 46, 301–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennedy, A., Vassilev, I., James, E., & Rogers, A. (2015). Implementing a social network intervention designed to enhance and diversify support for people with long-term conditions. A qualitative study. Implementation Science, 11(1), 27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, D. P., Hunter, S. B., Osilla, K. C., Maksabedian, E., Golinelli, D., & Tucker, J. S. (2016). A computer-assisted motivational social network intervention to reduce alcohol, drug and HIV risk behaviors among Housing First residents. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 11, UNSP 4-UNSP 4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kluge, S. (2000). Empirically grounded construction of types and typologies in qualitative social research. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(1), http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/fqs-1.1.1124.Google Scholar
Knussen, C., Tolson, D., Swan, I., Stott, D., & Brogan, C. (2005). Stress proliferation incaregivers: The relationshipsbetween caregiving stressors and deterioration in family relationships. Psychology & Health, 20(2), 207–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konerding, U., Bowen, T., Forte, P., Karampli, E., Malmström, T., Pavi, E. ,, & Gräßel, E. (2019). Do caregiver characteristics affect caregiver burden differently in different countries? American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 34(3), 148–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Link, B., Yang, L., Phelan, J., & Collins, P. (2004). Measuring mental illness stigma. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(3), 511–541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lubbers, M., Molina, J. L., & McCarty, C. (2007). Personal networks and ethnic identifications; The case of migrants in Spain. International Sociology, 22, 721–741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarty, C. (2002). Structure in personal networks. Journal of Social Structure, 3, 1.Google Scholar
Morris, R., Kennedy, A., & Sanders, C. (2016). Evolving ‘self’-management: Exploring the role of social network typologies on individual long-term condition management. Health Expectations, 19(5), 1044–1061.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Novak, J. (1990). Concept mapping: A useful tool for science education. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 27(10), 937–949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Rourke, H., Collins, L., & Sidani, S. (2018). Interventions to address social connectedness and loneliness for older adults: a scoping review. BMC Geriatrics, 18, 214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perry, B., Pescosolido, B., & Borgatti, S. (2018). Egocentric network analysis: Foundations, methods, and models. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roth, A. (2020). Informal caregiving and social capital: A social network perspective. Research on Aging, 42, 272–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sadati, A., Tabei, S., Ebrahimzade, N., Zohri, M., Argasi, H., & Lankarani, K. (2016). The paradigm model of distorted doctor-patient relationship in Southern Iran: a grounded theory study. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 9, 2.Google Scholar
Saldaňa, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (2nd ed.). Sage.Google Scholar
Schulz, R., & Beach, S. (1999). Caregiving as a risk factor for mortality. JAMA, 282, 2215–2219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simmel, G. (1955). Conflict & the web of group affiliations. Free Press.Google Scholar
Szabo, A., Stephens, C., Allen, J., & Alpass, F. (2016). Construct validation of Wenger’s support network typology. The Journals of Gerontology, 73(7), 1244–1249.Google Scholar
Takahashi, K., Tamura, J., & Tokoro, M. (1997). Patterns of social relationships and PsychologicalWell-being among the Elderly. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 21, 417–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teddlie, C., & Tashakkori, A. (Eds.). (2009). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences. Sage Publications Inc.Google Scholar
Tubaro, P., Ryan, L., & D’angelo, A. (2016). The visual sociogram in qualitative and mixed-methods research. Sociological Research Online, 21(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.3864 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vacca, R. (2019). Structure in personal networks: Constructing and comparing typologies. Network Science (In press).Google Scholar
van Asselt-Goverts, A. E., Embregts, P. J. C. M., Hendriks, A. H. C., van Asselt-Goverts, A., Embregts, P. J. C. M., Hendriks, A. H. C., van Asselt-Goverts, A. E., Embregts, P. J. C. M., & Hendriks, A. H. C. (2018). Evaluation of a social network intervention for people with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(2), e229–e243. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12318 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Venturini, T., Jacomy, M., & Jensen, P. (2019). What do we see when we look at networks. An Introduction to visual network analysis and force-directed layouts. SSRN. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3378438 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wellman, B., & Potter, S. (1999). The elements of personal communities. In Wellman, B. & Boulder, C. (Eds.), Networks in the global village; life in contemporary communities (pp. 49–82). Westview Press.Google Scholar
Wenger, G. (1991). A network typology: From theory to practice. Journal of Aging Studies, 5(2), 147–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, J., Poole, U., Mohamed, F., Jian, S., Williamson, M., Ross, J., Egan, T. (2019). Exploring the value of social network “care maps” in the provision of long-term conditions care. Chronic Illness, https://doi.org/10.1177/1742395319836463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yousefi Nooraie, R., Sale, J.E.M., Marin, A., & Ross, L. E. (2020). Social network analysis: An example of fusion between quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 14(1), 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689818804060 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zenlea, I., Thompson, B., Fierheller, D., Green, J., Ulloa, C., Wills, A., & Mansfield, E. (2017). Walking in the shoes of caregivers of children with obesity: supporting caregivers in paediatric weight management. Clinical Obesity, 7(5), 300–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed