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Beyond homophily: Incorporating actor variables in statistical network models

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2019

Tom A.B. Snijders  and
Alessandro Lomi
Tom A.B. Snijders*
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712TG Groningen, The Netherlands and Nuffield College, University of Oxford, OX1 1NF Oxford, UK
Alessandro Lomi
Affiliation:
Institute of Computational Science, University of Italian Switzerland, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland and University of Exeter Business School, EX4 4PU Exeter, UK. (e-mail: [email protected])
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

We consider the specification of effects of numerical actor attributes, having an interval level of measurement, in statistical models for directed social networks. A fundamental mechanism is homophily or assortativity, where actors have a higher likelihood to be tied with others having similar values of the variable under study. But there are other mechanisms that may also play a role in how the attribute values of two actors influence the likelihood of a tie between them. We discuss three additional mechanisms: aspiration, the tendency to send more ties to others having high values; attachment conformity, sending more ties to others whose values are close to the “social norm”; and sociability, where those having higher values will tend to send more ties generally. These mechanisms may operate jointly, and then their effects will be confounded. We present a specification representing these effects simultaneously by a four-parameter quadratic function of the values of sender and receiver. Flexibility can be increased by a five-parameter extension. We argue that for numerical actor attributes having important effects on directed networks, these specifications may provide an improvement. An illustration is given of dependence of advice ties on academic grades, analyzed by the Stochastic Actor-oriented Model.

Keywords

actor covariatedirected networkshomophilyassortativityaspirationconformitysociabilitystochastic actor-oriented modelquadratic modelacademic performance
Type
Original Article
Information
Network Science , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , March 2019 , pp. 1 - 19
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019 

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