Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T13:18:05.435Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Vegetation variability in Greece during the last interglacial

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2016

P.C. Tzedakis
P.C. Tzedakis*
Affiliation:
Godwin Institute for Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EN, UK; e-mail address: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The extent of regional variability in vegetation development in mainland Greece during the last interglacial is considered. Three pollen sequences – Ioannina (northwest Greece),Tenaghi Philippon (northeast Greece) and Kopais (central Greece) – all located in different environmental settings, extend into the last interglacial. Examination of the vegetation histories of the three sites during the last interglacial reveals the influence of local climatic conditions with closed mixed forests in the northwest, becoming progressively more open and less diverse farther to the east and south. All three sequences contain a number of similar trends, however, in the expansion of certain taxa. In addition, they also show the presence of a two-step late glacial interval, a short episode of forest reduction in the second part of the interglacial and a final small expansion of tree populations at the very end of the interglacial. Comparison with other European records shows a number of common features, but also suggests differences consistent with the particular environmental setting of the Greek sites.

Keywords

EemianGreecelast interglacialpalynologyregional variabiliyvegetation
Type
Research Article
Information
Netherlands Journal of Geosciences , Volume 79 , Issue 2-3 , August 2000 , pp. 355 - 367
Copyright
Copyright © Stichting Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 2000

References

Allen, H.D., 1986. Late Quaternary of the Kopais Basin, Greece: sedimentary and environmental history. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Allen, H.D., 1990. A postglacial record from the Kopais Basin, Greece. In: Bottema, S., Entjes-Nieborg, & Van Zeist, W. (eds): Man’s role in the shaping of the Eastern Mediterranean. Balkema (Rotterdam): 173–182.Google Scholar
Barry, R.G. & Chorley, R.J., 1982. Atmosphere, weather and climate. Methuen (London).Google Scholar
Bennett, K.D., 1993. Holocene forest dynamics with respect to southern Ontario. Review of Palynology and Palaeobotany 79: 69–81.Google Scholar
Bottema, S., 1974. Late Quaternary vegetation history of northwestern Greece. Ph.D. thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.Google Scholar
Chapman, M.R. & Shackleton, N.J., 1998. Millennial-scale fluctuations in North Atlantic heat flux during the last 150,000 years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 159: 57–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, M.R. & Shackleton, N.J., 1999. Global ice-volume fluctuations, North Atlantic ice-rafting events, and deep-ocean circulation changes between 130 and 70 ka. Geology 27: 795–798.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheddadi, R. & Rossignol-Strick, M., 1995. Eastern Mediterranean Quaternary paleoclimates from pollen and isotope records of marine cores in the Nile cone area. Paleoceanography 10:291–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conispoliatis, N., Panagos, A., Perissoratis, C. & Varnavas, S., 1986. Geological and sedimentological patterns in the Lake Pamvotis (Ioannina), NW Greece. Annales Géologiques des Pays Helléniques 33: 269–285.Google Scholar
Cortijo, E., Duplessy, J.C., Labeyrie, L., Leclaire, H., Duprat, J. & Van Weering, T.C.E., 1994. Eemian cooling in the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic ocean preceding continental ice-sheet growth. Nature 372: 446–449.Google Scholar
De Beaulieu, J.-L. & Reille, M., 1984. A long upper Pleistocene pollen record from Les Echets, near Lyon, France. Boreas 13: 111–132.Google Scholar
De Beaulieu, J.-L. & Reille, M., 1989. The transition from temperate phases to stadials in the long Upper Pleistocene sequence from Les Echets. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 72: 147–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Beaulieu, J.-L. & Reille, M., 1992a. The last climatic cycle at Grande Pile (Vosges, France). Quaternary Science Reviews 11: 431–438.Google Scholar
De Beaulieu, J.-L. & Reille, M., 1992b. Long Pleistocene pollen sequences from the Velay Plateau (Massif Central, France). I. Rib-ains maar. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 1: 233–242.Google Scholar
Follieri, M., Magri, D. & Sadori, L., 1988. 250,000-year pollen record from Valle di Castiglione (Roma). Pollen et Spores 30: 329–356.Google Scholar
Frogley, M.R., 1997. Biostratigraphy, palaeoecology and geochemistry of a long lacustrine sequence from NW Greece. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Greig, J.R.A. & Turner, J., 1974. Some pollen diagrams from Greece and their archaeological significance. Journal of Archaeological Science 1: 177–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heijnis, H., 1992. Uranium/thorium dating of Late Pleistocene peat deposits in N.W. Europe, Ph.D. thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.Google Scholar
Heinrich, H., 1988. Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years. Quaternary Research 29: 143–152.Google Scholar
Karapiperis, L.N., 1974. Rainfall distribution in the area of Greece (in Greek). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 11: 1–27.Google Scholar
Magri, D., 1994. Late-Quaternary changes in plant biomass as recorded by pollen-stratigraphical data: a discussion of the problem at Valle di Castiglione, Italy. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 81: 313–325.Google Scholar
Mélières, M.-A., Rossignol-Strick, M. & Malaize, B., 1997. Relation between low latitude insolation and δ18O change in atmospheric oxygen for the last 200 kyrs, as revealed by Mediterranean sapropels. Geophysical Research Letters 24: 1235–1238.Google Scholar
NID (Naval Intelligence Division), 1944. Greece (vol. I) Geography, history, administration and peoples – Geographical Handbook Series.Google Scholar
Phillips, L., 1974. Vegetational history of the Ipswichian/Eemian interglacial in Britain and continental Europe. New Phytologist 73: 589–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polunin, O., 1980. Flowers of Greece and the Balkans. Oxford University Press (Oxford).Google Scholar
Rackham, O., 1983. Observations on the historical ecology of Boetia. The Annals of the British School of Archaeology in Athens 78:291–351.Google Scholar
Reille, M., Andrieu, V., De Beaulieu, J.-L., Guenet, P. & Goeury, C., 1998. A long pollen record from Lac du Bouchet, Massif Central, France for the period 325 to 100 ka (OIS 9c to OIS 5e). Quaternary Science Reviews 17: 1107–1123.Google Scholar
Rossignol-Strick, M., 1983. African monsoons, an immediate climate response to orbital insolation. Nature 304: 46–49.Google Scholar
Sánchez-Goñi, M.F., Eynaud, E., Turón, J.L. & Shackleton, N.J., 1999. High resolution palynological record off the Iberian margin: direct land-sea correlation for the Last Interglacial complex. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 171: 123–137.Google Scholar
Strid, A., 1986. Mountain flora of Greece, volume I. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge).Google Scholar
Strid, A. & Tan, K., 1997. Flora Hellenica. Koeltz Scientific Books (Kõningstein).Google Scholar
Turner, C., 1975. The correlation and duration of Middle Pleistocene interglacial periods in northwest Europe. In: Butzer, K. & Isaac, G.L. (eds): After the Australopithecines. Mouton (The Hague): 259–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, J. & Greig, J.R.A., 1975. Some Holocene pollen diagrams from Greece. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 20: 171–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A., 1964–1980. Flora Europaea, 5 volumes. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge).Google Scholar
Tzedakis, P.C., 1993. Long-term tree populations in northwest Greece through multiple Quaternary climatic cycles. Nature 364: 437–440.Google Scholar
Tzedakis, P.C., 1994. Vegetation change through glacial-interglacial cycles: a long pollen sequence perspective. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 345: 403–432.Google Scholar
Tzedakis, P.C., 1999. The last climatic cycle at Kopais, central Greece. Journal of the Geological Society London 156: 425–434.Google Scholar
Tzedakis, P.C., Andrieu, V., De Beaulieu, J.-L., Crowhurst, S., Fol-lieri, M., Hooghiemstra, H., Magri, D., Reille, M., Sadori, L., Shackleton, N.J. & Wijmstra, TA., 1997. Comparison of terrestrial and marine records of changing climate of the last 500,000 years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 150: 171–176.Google Scholar
Van der Wiel, A.M. der & Wijmstra, TA., 1987a. Palynology of the lower part (78–120) of the core Tenaghi Philippon II, Middle Pleistocene of Macedonia, Greece. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 52: 73–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Wiel, A.M. & Wijmstra, TA., 1987b. Palynology of 112.8–197.8 m interval of the core Tenaghi Philippon III, Middle Pleistocene of Macedonia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 52:89–117.Google Scholar
Walter, H., Harnickell, E. & Mueller-Dombois, D., 1975. Climate-diagram maps. Springer-Verlag (Berlin).Google Scholar
Watts, W.A., 1988. Europe. In: Huntley, B. & Webb, T. (eds): Handbook of vegetation science 7. Vegetation history. Kluwer (Dordrecht): 155–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wijmstra, TA., 1969. Palynology of the first 30 metres of a 120 m deep section in Northern Greece. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 18: 511–527.Google Scholar
Wijmstra, TA., & Groenhart, M.C., 1983. Record of 700,00 years vegetational history in Eastern Macedonia (Greece). Revista de la Academia Colombiana Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 15:87–98.Google Scholar
Wijmstra, TA., & Smit, A., 1976. Palynology of the middle part (30–78 metres) of the 120 m deep section in Northern Greece (Macedonia). Acta Botanica Neerlandica 25: 297–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woillard, G.M., 1978. Grande Pile peat bog: a continuous pollen record for the last 140,000 years. Quaternary Research 9: 1–21.Google Scholar
Zagwijn, W.H., 1996. An analysis of Eemian climate in western and central Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 15: 451–469.Google Scholar