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The Suitability of Reservations to Multilateral Treaties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2009

H. G. Schermers
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Extract

The question of reservations to multilateral treaties has aroused much interest in recent years since an established procedure seems to tremble or even to collapse. Before the first world war no problem existed. Reservations to treaties were tendered either on or before signature and were permitted only if accepted by all other signatories. Several States made reservations to the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, but none of them protested when the Netherlands Government did not accept them as parties until the other signatories to the conventions had agreed to their reservations. The practice of asking the consent of all the signatories proved workable in an era when multilateral treaties were rare and the attention paid to them was considerable, when furthermore the parties to a treaty had always participated in its drafting.

Type
Articles
Information
Netherlands International Law Review , Volume 6 , Issue 4 , December 1959 , pp. 350 - 361
Copyright
Copyright © T.M.C. Asser Press 1959

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References

1. See e.g. the select bibliography on the law of treaties in Laws and practices concerning the conclusion of treaties, United Nations Legislative Series, New York 1953; Report on the juridical effect of reservations to multilateral treaties, Pan-American Union, Washington 1955; Kappeler, D., Les réserves dans les traités internationaux, Basel 1958Google Scholar; Holloway, K., Les réserves dans les traités internationaux, Paris 1958.Google Scholar

2. Holloway, Kaye, Les réserves dans les traités internationaux, Paris 1958, p. 118.Google Scholar

3. Idem, p. 115, 116.

4. League of Nations Official Journal, 8th Year, No. 7, 07 1927, p. 881.Google Scholar

5. Written Statement of the Organization of American States to the International Court of Justice, Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Pleadings, Oral Arguments, Documents, p. 17.

6. Statement by Mr. Rosenne (Israel), idem p. 344. A list of Pan-American conventions and of reservations made thereto can also be found in Inter-American Juridical Yearbook 1950–1951, p. 154–181.Google Scholar

7. Fitzmaurice, G. G., Reservations to Multilateral Conventions, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 01 1953, p. 13–22.Google Scholar

8. Written Statement of the USA, Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Pleadings, Oral Arguments, Documents, p. 37.

9. Document A/1372, Report of the Secretary-General.

10. Resolution 478 (V) of November 16th, 1950.

11. Reservations to the Convention on Genocide, Advisory Opinion: ICJ Reports 1951.Google Scholar

12. Comments on this advisory opinion e.g.: van Raalte, E., Het advies van het Internationale Gerechtshof over voorbehouden betreffende de Genocide-conventie. Een nieuwe, aanvechtbare regel, in Rechtsgeleerd Magazijn Themis, 1951, p. 407.Google Scholar

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14. Resolution 598 (VI).

15. Summary Record of the twentieth meeting (A/Conf. 13/SR. 20) pp. 16–20; Uitgave no. 56 van het Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken, p. 35, 36; J. H. W. Verzijl in this Review (1959), pp. 4, 10, 11.Google Scholar

16. Schermers, H. G., De Gespecialiseerde Organisaties, him bouw en inrichting, Leiden 1957, p. 32–36.Google Scholar For the differentiation of the same State as a subject and as an organ of the organization, see Tammes, A. J. P. in Recueil des Cours, 1958–II, p. 344–359.Google Scholar

17. Schermers, H. G., op. cit., p. 167–173.Google Scholar

18. Official Records of the WHO, No. 13, annex 8, p. 382, 383.Google Scholar

19. Argentina, Belgium, Philippines, Salvador and Venezuela.

20. Hudson, Manley O. in American Journal of International Law, volume 18 (1924), p. 439–440Google Scholar; Schücking, Walter and Wehberg, Hans, Die Satzung des Völkerbundes, Berlin 1921, p. 132.Google Scholar

21. The International Wheat Agreement 1956 lists 44 importing and 6 exporting States (Tractatenblad 1956, no. 112Google Scholar), the International Wheat Agreement 1959 thirty importing and nine exporting States (Tractatenblad 1959, no. 86).Google Scholar

22. Text published in: Verslag over de derde Algemene Vergadering van de Verenigde Naties, Uitgave no. 20 van het Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken, Annex IV.

23. Kappler, Dietrich, Les réserves dans les traités internationaux, Basel 1958, p. 50–52.Google Scholar

24. See the preambles of the European Conventions, European Treaty Series.

25. Compare the system proposed by Fitzmaurice, G. G. in The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 2, 01 1953, p. 23–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar, who requires the consent of two thirds of the parties.

26. Peaslee, Amos, International Governmental Organizations, Volume II, The Hague 1956, p. 51–70.Google Scholar

27. Tractatenblad 1951, no. 81Google Scholar, see also Tractatenblad 1954, no. 124 and 1956, no. 46.Google Scholar