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Europe's Next Step

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2009

J.J.M. Tromm
J.J.M. Tromm
Affiliation:
Professor Agricultural University Wageningen; Head, Department of European Law of the TM.C. Asset Instituut.
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Extract

It was soon clearly understood by those involved in the process of European integration that the customs union could not be considered to be the final stage of that process. At least an Economic Union should follow and the latter, in turn, should not be deemed to be complete without a Monetary Union. Real integration, however, cannot be limited to the economic field: security and foreign policies also possess a European dimension.

Type
Research Article
Information
Netherlands International Law Review , Volume 39 , Special Issue S1: Law and Reality , October 1992 , pp. 337 - 349
Copyright
Copyright © T.M.C. Asser Press 1991

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References

1. Bulletin EC, 1975; Supplement 5/75.

2. Single European Act, amending and supplementing the EC Treaties, and establishing new forms of political cooperation, signed 17 and 28 February 1986, entered into force 1 July 1987. OJ No. L 169 of 29.6.1987.

3. Report on Economic and Monetary Union in the European Community, published by the EC Commission, 1989, Luxembourg.Google Scholar

4. Intergovernmental Conferences December 1990. Art 236 EEC provides an Intergovernmental Conference of the Representatives of the Member States as part of the decision-making procedure for the purpose of amending the Treaty.

5. These observations are mainly based on the Luxembourg Draft of 28 June 1991. The Luxembourg Draft has been unofficially published in Europe Documents, No. 1722/1723, 5 07 1991Google Scholar. The ‘Treaty on European Union’, after signature, was published by the European Communities — Council of Ministers, Luxembourg 1992, ISBN 92-824-0962. See also Europe Documents, No. 1759/1760, 7 02 1992Google Scholar. The definitive text appears to be slightly different from the Luxembourg Draft. See infra under section 5.2 Adjustments.

6. The Union Treaty includes the EC Treaties (the ECSC Treaty, the EAEC Treaty and the EEC Treaty are often considered as establishing one single European Community since the Merger Treaty of 1967), the EEC Treaty, in turn, includes the EMU Treaty.

According to another, ‘vertical’, vision the Union has been construed as a three-storey building. The Union is founded on the European Communities, the European Communities are founded on a Customs Union. (That Customs Union may be said to be based on Art. XXTV GATT.)

7. Agreement of Schengen of 14 June 1985, Trb. 1985 no. 102.

8. Commission Decision 88/487/EEC of 24 June 1988 setting up a Consultative Council of Regional and Local Authorities. OJ No. L 247/23 of 6.9.1988.

9. Comité des Représentants Permanents. The Committee of Permanent Representatives of the Member States accredited to the Communities acts as a preparatory body with regard to Council decisions.

10. The Presidency consists of three members: the former President, the present one, and the next President of the EC Council.

11. Convention 88/592/EEC of 16 September 1988, done at Lugano, on jurisdiction and the infofcement of jugdments in civil and commercial matters. OJ No. L 319/9 of 25.11.1988.

12. Case no. 294/83 of 23 April 1986, [1986] ECR 1339; Case no. C-70/88 of 22 May 1990, [1990] ECR I-2067.