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Members of Resistance Movements

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2009

W.J. Ford
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Extract

Twenty years ago, when I presented my thesis on “The position of members of resistance movements under international law” at a public graduation ceremony in the Amsterdam University auditorium, Professor Tammes was my Promotor. For many years he had watched with interest over the progress of the thesis and had helped me, in our frequent exchanges of views, to deal with the difficulties and uncertainties of this part of international law. Bearing in mind the resistance movements of World War II, the subject seemed to be of more than merely theoretical importance, though it did offer important theoretical aspects, as will appear from the following pages.

Type
Articles
Information
Netherlands International Law Review , Volume 24 , Issue 1-2 , May 1977 , pp. 92 - 108
Copyright
Copyright © T.M.C. Asser Press 1977

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References

1. De volkenrechtelijke positie van verzetslieden (The Position of Members of Resistance Movements under International Law.) Thesis Amsterdam, (Amsterdam: Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij, 1955). With and extensive English summary.

2. Bonet, Honoré, L'Arbre des batailles pp. 4, 47Google Scholar; see Nys, E., “Honoré Bonet et Christine de Pisan”, 14 Revue de Droit International (Sottile) (1882), p. 466.Google Scholar

3. Rousseau, J.J., Du Contrat Social (1762)Google Scholar, I, IV, De l'Esclavage: “La guerre n'est (done) une relation d'homme à homme, mais une relation d'Etat à Etat, dans laquelle les particuliers ne sont ennemis qu'accidentellement, non point comme hommes ni même comme citoyens, mais comme soldats; non point comme membres de la patrie, mais comme ses défenseurs.”

4. Instructions contained in Strupp, K., Das Internationale Landkriegsrecht, (Frankfurt am Main 1914), p. 168ff.Google Scholar

5. Proceedings 1899, International Peace Conference; The Hague, 18 05 – 29 07 1899.Google Scholar

6. Proceedings of the Brussels Conference, 1874.Google Scholar

7. Convention regarding the laws and customs of war on land, contained in International Peace Conference 1899 (The Hague: Ministry of Foreign Affairs), pp. 239 and 240.Google Scholar

8. Proceedings 1907, Second International Peace Conference; The Hague 15 06 – 18 10 1907.Google Scholar

9. Revision of the 1929 Convention relating to the treatment of prisoners of war, Governmental Experts Conference. (Geneva, 14–26 April 1947).

10. Proceedings of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva, 1949.Google Scholar

11. For the French text see Manuel de la Croix Rouge Internationale (onzième édition, Genève 1971) pp. 83–4.Google Scholar

12. For the French text, see Manuel supra pp. 33–4, 60–1, 82–3 and 159–160.Google Scholar

13. House of Representatives, Report of the Subcommittee on International Organizations and Movements of the Committee on Foreign Affairs (Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1974).Google Scholar

14. International Committee of the Red Cross, Draft additional protocols to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, Commentary (Geneva, 10 1973) pp. 130 ff.Google Scholar

15. Draft Protocols, referred to in note 14, Victims of non-international armed conflicts, 132–3.

16. Idem, p. 136.

17. Draft protocols, referred to in note 14, Victims of international armed conflicts, p. 47.

18. Idem, p. 50.

19. Doc. CDDH/III/257, 18 March 1975.

20. Doc. CDDH/III/256, 18 March 1975.

21. Doc. CDDH/III/SR.33, 20 March 1975.

22. “Resistance Movements in Occupied Territory”, 4 Netherlands International Law Review (1956), pp. 355–384, at p. 384.Google Scholar