Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T16:07:22.334Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Writing Off Slovakia to “The East”? Examining Charges of Bias in British Press Reporting of Slovakia, 1993–1994

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Adam Burgess*
Affiliation:
University of Kent at Canterbury, England

Extract

Along with her better known Czech neighbour, Slovakia is one of Europe's newest states. Born over the new year of 1993, it is the latest product of the unravelling of the post-communist order. A small nation—although at 5,269,000, it has a larger population than Norway, Denmark or Finland—Slovakia has yet to make a significant impact on European consciousness. This is illustrated by the repeated reply of a Slovak woman, living in London, to the question of the whereabouts of the strange land of her origin. Honolulu was the capital of this island she told Londoners in jest. To her amazement, rarely did anyone question her geography. When it comes to Britain, it would appear the sense of Slovakia can be aptly summarized by the infamous phrase with which interwar Czechoslovakia was dismissed by P.M. Neville Chamberlin—as a “faraway country of which we know nothing …” It still comes as a surprise, even to those who consider themselves familiar with the contours of contemporary Europe, that Bratislava, the new capital of this “faraway country's” eastern half (Slovakia), is only 60 kilometres from Vienna.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Notes

1. Quoted in Kumermann, Daniel, “The Slovak ‘Shirt’ May Fit Tighter,” The Prague Post, 3 February–1 March 1994.Google Scholar

2. Annual Report,” Radio Free Europe, 1993, p. 90.Google Scholar

3. Ascherson, Neal, “Blueprints for Democracy: The Greeks Had a Machine for It,” Independent on Sunday, 6 March 1994.Google Scholar

4. Mather, Ian, “Divorce that Left Slovakia on the Shelf—One Year After the Break Up of Czechoslovakia, Bratislava Faces Slump, Political Turmoil and Ethnic Tension,” The European, 31 December 1993.Google Scholar

5. A State Well Worth Saving,” Financial Times, 6 September 1992.Google Scholar

6. Mather, Ian, “Divorce that Left Slovakia on the Shelf,” The European, 31 December 1993.Google Scholar

7. Coverage is first analyzed from The Financial Times, 2 January 1982; The Guardian, 1 May 1984; The Independent and The Independent on Sunday, 19 September 1988; The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph, 2 January 1987; and The Times and The Sunday Times, 1 July 1985. Material was generated by the FT Profile system.Google Scholar

8. Brown, J. F., Hopes and Shadows: Eastern Europe After Communism (Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1994), p. 61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

9. Crawshaw, Steve, “Czechoslovak Federation Set to Split Today,” The Independent, 19 June 1992.Google Scholar

10. Towers, Roy, “Meciar in Mess After Split with Czechs,” The Herald, 20 September 1993.Google Scholar

11. Velvet Divorce? Post-election Czechoslovakia,” The Economist, 13 June 1992.Google Scholar

12. Krcmar, Jan, “Slovaks Tremble on Brink of Their Velvet Divorce,” The Independent, 19 June 1992.Google Scholar

13. Sherwell, Philip, “Slovakia is Born—the Poor Relation,” The Daily Telegraph, 31 December 1992.Google Scholar

14. Crawshaw, Steve, “Interview with Vaclav Havel,” Independent, 18 November 1992.Google Scholar

15. Mather, Ian, “Divorce That Left Slovakia on the Shelf,” The European, 31 December 1993.Google Scholar

16. A State Well Worth Saving,” The Financial Times, 9 June 1992.Google Scholar

17. Traynor, Ian, “Separate Ways of Suffering,” The Guardian, 19 November 1993.Google Scholar

18. Tomin, Zdena, “Farewell, Tormented Land, and Rest in Peace,” The Independent, 29 December 1992.Google Scholar

19. Ibid.Google Scholar

20. Millar, Peter, “Czecho. Slovakia; Czechoslovakia; Focus,” The Sunday Times, 21 June 1992.Google Scholar

21. Bridge, Adrian, “Czechs Draw the Line at Slovakia,” The Independent, 19 July 1993.Google Scholar

22. Ascherson, Neal, “Blueprints for Democracy: The Greeks Had a Name for It,” The Independent on Sunday, 6 March 1994.Google Scholar

23. Buchan, David, “Danube Dam Project Poses Test for Kadar Government,” The Financial Times, 25 May 1984.Google Scholar

24. Glenny, Misha, “Hungarians Plan to Prevent Danube Dam,” The Guardian, 12 August 1988.Google Scholar

25. Glenny, Misha, “Hungarian MPs Call for Referendum on Dam,” The Guardian, 5 September 1988.Google Scholar

26. Green Danube, Red Elephant,” The Economist, 17 September 1988.Google Scholar

27. Written in the Winds,” The Guardian, 21 October 1992.Google Scholar

28. Gordon, John, “Environmental Vandalism,” (letter), The Independent, 30 October 1992.Google Scholar

29. Dempsey, Judy, “Austria to Seek Compensation for Abandoned Dam,” The Financial Times, 25 May 1989.Google Scholar

30. Danube Dam Plan Scrapped,” The Daily Telegraph, 1 November 1989.Google Scholar

31. Owen, Richard, “Hungary Risks Breach With Prague after Abandoning Dam,” The Times, 21 May 1992.Google Scholar

32. Denton, Nicholas, “Hungarians Furious Over Damming,” The Financial Times, 26 October 1992.Google Scholar

33. Bond, Michael, “Danube States at Daggers Drawn,” European, 10 August 1992.Google Scholar

34. Denton, Nicholas and Robinson, Anthony, “Danube Dam Threatens to Open Floodgates of Hostility,” The Financial Times, 29 October, 1992.Google Scholar

35. Prentice, Eve-Ann and staff, foreign, “Danube Dam Project Unleashes Flood of Recriminations,” The Times, 27 October 1992.Google Scholar

36. A Furious Bend in the River,” The Guardian, 30 October 1992.Google Scholar

37. Bond, Michael, “The Brown Danube,” The European, 12 November 1992.Google Scholar

38. Bond, Michael, “Action Stems Dam Crisis,” The European, 11 February 1993.Google Scholar

39. Dam Nation,” The Times, 6 June 1992.Google Scholar

40. Davies, Gerard, “Danube Conflict Sharpens,” The Times, 15 July 1991.Google Scholar

41. Prague Rails at Economic Catastrophe,” The Independent, 24 May 1989.Google Scholar

42. Political Pressure Builds Up Behind Dam Project,” The Scotsman, 12 March 1992.Google Scholar

43. Alliance is Split Over Dam Project,” The Daily Telegraph, 16 May 1992.Google Scholar

44. Czech Anger on Dam,” The Guardian, 24 May 1989.Google Scholar

45. Deadlock Over Danube,” The European, 27 September 1991.Google Scholar

46. Thorpe, Nick, “On the Danube's Banks, Villages Dry Up,” The Observer, 11 April 1993.Google Scholar

47. Thorpe, Nick, “Ferment as Hungarian Exiles Shake Off Yoke,” The Observer, 2 January 1994.Google Scholar

48. Sutaj, Stefan, “Changes of National Identity in Historical Development,” in Plichtova, Jana, ed., Minorities in Politics (Bratislava, 1992), p. 183.Google Scholar

49. Petocz, Kalman, “A Minority Under Pressure,” War Report, October/November 1994, p. 35.Google Scholar

50. Ibid.Google Scholar

51. Rosova, Tatiana a Butorova, Zora, “Slovaks and Hungarians in Slovakia,” Minorities in Politics (Bratislava, 1992), p. 180.Google Scholar

52. Ibid., p. 179.Google Scholar

53. Schopflin, George, “The Hungarian Exception? The Quiet National Question,” War Report, London, October/November 1994), p. 17.Google Scholar

54. Petocz, Kalman, “A Minority Under Pressure,” War Report, London, October/November 1994, p. 35.Google Scholar

55. Zales, Jennifer, “Back to the Brink,” War Report, p. 33.Google Scholar

56. Horvath, Gabriella, “Blowing With the Nationalist Wind,” War Report, p. 37.Google Scholar

57. Bassett, Richard, “Communists Retain a Few Aces,” The Times, 7 April 1990.Google Scholar

58. Boyes, Roger, “Slovakia's Hour Comes, But It's Clocks Tell Different Times,” The Times, 30 March 1990.Google Scholar

59. Robinson, Anthony, “Survey of Hungary,” The Financial Times, 30 October 1991.Google Scholar

60. Pomery, Chris, “Slovaks Take Gloves Off As Leader Fights For His Life,” The European, 29 March 1991.Google Scholar

61. Hockaday, Mary, “Slovak Nationalism Proves Difficult to Curb,” The Independent, 31 October 1990.Google Scholar

62. Candole, James de, “Czechs and Balances Fail to Stop Post Election Split,” The European, 11 June 1992.Google Scholar

63. Krcmar, Jan, “Slovaks Tremble on Brink of Their Velvet Divorce,” The Independent, 19 June 1992.Google Scholar

64. Ascherson, Neal, “How Democracy Stokes the Fires of Nationalism,” Independent on Sunday, 22 November 1992.Google Scholar

65. Barber, Tony, “Minority Rule: A Tragedy Waiting To Happen,” Independent on Sunday, 28 November 1993.Google Scholar

66. Mather, Ian, “Divorce That Left Slovakia on the Shelf,” The European, 31 December 1993.Google Scholar

67. Bond, Michael, “Danube States at Daggers Drawn,” The European, 8 October 1992.Google Scholar

68. Mortimer, Edward, “What We Should Have Done,” The Financial Times, 6 January 1993.Google Scholar

69. Towers, Roy, “Meciar in Mess After Split with Czechs,” The Herald, 20 September 1993.Google Scholar

70. Meynell, Charles, “Anarchy Advances as Diplomacy Fails,” The Herald, 16 August 1993.Google Scholar

71. Stone, Norman, “Slovakia? Ireland in a Sheepskin,” The Sunday Times, 21 June 1992.Google Scholar

72. Read, Julie, “European Press Watch,” The European, 11 June 1992.Google Scholar

73. Millar, Peter, “A Deadly Balkans Game of Diplomacy,” The Sunday Times, 5 January 1992.Google Scholar

74. The Economist, 13 June 1992.Google Scholar

75. Fox, Robert, “Echoes From Grim Past As Combatants Seek Allies,” The Daily Telegraph, 30 December 1992.Google Scholar

76. Soule, Veronique, “The Worst Part of Breaking Up,” The Guardian, 26 June 1992.Google Scholar

77. Robinson, Antony and Genillard, Ariane, “A Velvet Divorce, But a Rough Ride to Single Life,” The Financial Times, 22 June 1992.Google Scholar

78. Mortimer, Edward, “Alternatives to Violence,” The Financial Times, 24 June 1992.Google Scholar

79. Iron In the Soul/Slovakia Harries It's Hungarians,” The Economist, 12 March 1994.Google Scholar

80. Plausible Partners Step onto the Floor,” The Independent, 21 June 1993.Google Scholar

81. Harsh Words/Nationalists in Hungary,” The Economist, 31 October 1992.Google Scholar

82. Barber, Tony, “Danube Dam Splits Nations,” The Independent, 9 January 1993.Google Scholar

83. Hungarian Nationalists Question Old Borders,” Irish Times, 5 August 1993.Google Scholar

84. Sykora, Peter, “A Demolition Man,” The Guardian, 14 January 1994.Google Scholar

85. Robinson, Anthony, “Survey of The Slovak Republic,” The Financial Times, 2 November 1993.Google Scholar

86. Bridge, Adrian, “Minority Fears Nationalist Upsurge in Slovakia,” The Independent, 11 January 1993.Google Scholar

87. Traynor, Ian, “Jittery Slovakia Hears Echoes of Bosnia,” The Guardian, 10 January 1994.Google Scholar

88. Minorities: Where Might the Sparks Catch Next?The Economist, 25 December 1993.Google Scholar

89. A Good Idea at the Time,” The Herald, 30 May 1994.Google Scholar

90. Lucas, Edward, “Prague Rails at the Economic Catastrophe,” The Independent, 24 May 1989.Google Scholar