Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-03T20:43:06.923Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Turks in Bulgaria: Post-1989 Developments*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Ali Eminov
Ali Eminov*
Affiliation:
Wayne State College, U.S.A.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

This article explores the status of Turks in Bulgaria under the transition from Communism to post-Communism. After a summary of the demography of the Turkish population in Bulgaria, the paper focuses on developments in three specific areas: religious, political, and educational issues. For each issue a brief historical background is given but the emphasis is on developments since 1989. Since the article is an expanded version of a presentation on East European Linguistic Minorities, the issue of Turkish language and Turkish language education in Bulgaria is discussed in greater detail than religious and political issues. This in no way implies that the latter are any less important.

Type
Articles
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , March 1999 , pp. 31 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anguelov, Z., “The Leader and his Movement,” East European Reporter, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1990, pp. 27–28.Google Scholar
Ashley, S., “The Census: A Cause for Anxiety and Controversy,” RFE/RL Bulgarian Situation Report, Vol. 13, 1985, pp. 23–29.Google Scholar
Bakoǧlu, N., “Türkçenin okunmasi bile bile engelleniyor,” Hak ve Özgürlük, Vol. 18, 1995, pp. 5.Google Scholar
Barkan, Ö., “Osmanli imperatorluğunda bir isyan ve kolonizasyon metodu olarak vakiflar ve temlikler,” Vakiflar Dergisi, Vol. 2, 1942, pp. 279–386.Google Scholar
Barkan, Ö., “Les déportations comme méthode de peuplement et de colonisations dans l'Empire Ottoman,” Revue de la Faculté des Sciences Economiques de l'Université d'Istanbul, Vol. 11, 1949–1950, pp. 67–131.Google Scholar
Boyadzhiev, M., “Sedem stepeni po skalata na absurda: Bulgarija se nuzhdae ot novo prebrojavane,” Duma, 17 June 1996, p. 5.Google Scholar
Çavuç, M., Yüzyil Bulgaristan Türkleri Şiiri (Antoloji) (Istanbul: Yaylacik Matbaasi, 1988).Google Scholar
Chaika, E., Language: The Social Mirror (New York: Newbury House, 1989).Google Scholar
Curtis, G. E., “Historical Setting,” in Curtis, G. E., ed., Bulgaria: A Country Study, 2nd. edn (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1993), pp. 1–57.Google Scholar
Donkov, K., “Etnicheskiyŭt sŭstav na naselenieto na Bŭlgariya,” Statistika, Vol. 36, No. 2, 1994, pp. 34–46.Google Scholar
East European Constitutional Review, “Bulgaria,” Vol. 2, No. 4, 1993; Vol. 3, No. 1, 1994, pp. 4–5; Vol. 5, No. 1, 1995, pp. 5–8; Vol. 5, No. 1, 1996, pp. 5–7.Google Scholar
East Europe Newsletter, “Bulgaria,” Vol. 9, No. 1, 1995, p. 2.Google Scholar
Eminov, A., “The Education of Turkish Speakers in Bulgaria,” Ethnic Groups, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1983, pp. 129–149.Google Scholar
Eminov, A., “The Status of Islam and Muslims in Bulgaria,” Journal of the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1987, pp. 278–301.Google Scholar
Eminov, A., “The Movement for Rights and Freedoms and the Issue of Turkish Language Instruction in Bulgaria,” paper presented at Conference on Balkan and South Slavic Linguistics, Chicago, 1992.Google Scholar
Grannes, A., “Turkish Influence on Bulgarian,” International Journal of Turkish Studies, Vol. 4, 1989, pp. 223–239.Google Scholar
Grekova, M., “Spatial Nearness without Neighborhood (on Bulgarian–Turk Relations in Bulgaria),” in R. Grathoff and A. Kloskowska, eds, The Neigborhood of Cultures (Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, 1994).Google Scholar
Hak ve Özgürlük, “Bulgaristan Müslümanlarinin olaganüstü Ulusal Konferansi yasaldir,” and “Bulgaristan Müslümanlarinin 6 Mart 1995 tarihinde düzenlenen olaganüstü Ulusal Konferansi'dan Millet Meclisi Başkani Akademik Blagovest Sendov'a sunduğu bildiri,” Vol. 10, 1995, pp. 2.Google Scholar
Ilchev, I. and Perry, D. M., “Bulgarian Ethnic Groups, Politics and Perceptions,” RFE/Rl Research Report, Vol. 2, No. 12, 1993, pp. 35–41.Google Scholar
Iliev, C. L., “The Bulgarian Nation through the Centuries,” Journal of the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1989, pp. 1–20.Google Scholar
Inalcik, H., “Ottoman Methods of Conquest,” Studia Islamica, Vol. 2, 1954, pp. 104–129.Google Scholar
Karpat, K., “The Turks of Bulgaria: The Struggle for National–Religious Survival of a Muslim Minority,” Nationalities Papers, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1995, pp. 725–749.Google Scholar
Kostanick, H., “Turkish Settlement of Bulgarian Turks, 1950-1953,” University of California Publications in Geography, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1957.Google Scholar
Lewis, S., “Islam in Bulgaria,” Aramco World, Vol. 45, No. 3, 1994, pp. 20–29.Google Scholar
Memishev, Y., Uchastieto na Bŭlgarskite Turci v Borbata protiv Kapitalizma i Fashizma, 1914–1944 (Sofia: Partizdat, 1977).Google Scholar
Mizov, N., Islamijŭt vŭv Bŭlgarija (Sofia: Izdatelstvo na BKP, 1965).Google Scholar
Mutlu, M., “Yeni ders yilinda Türk dili öğretimine hazir miyiz?” Hak ve Özgürlük, Vol. 37, 1993, pp. 3, 5.Google Scholar
Nacionalen Statisticheski Institut, Demografska Kharakteristika na Bŭlgariya (rezultati ot 2% izvadka) (Sofia: Nacionalen Statisticheski Institut, 1993).Google Scholar
Nacionalen Statisticheski Institut, Rezultati ot prebrojavaneto na naselenieto: Demografski kharakteristiki, Vol. I (Sofia: Nacionalen Statisticheski Institut, 1994).Google Scholar
Nikolaev, R., “Bulgaria's 1992 Census: Results, Problems, and Implications,” RFE/Rl Research Report, Vol. 2, No. 6, 1993, pp. 58–62.Google Scholar
Ömer, F., “Müslümanlar arasinda yapmacik gerginlik,” Hak ve Özgürlük, Vol. 7, 1995, pp.2. OMRU Daily Digest, “Bulgaria's Supreme Court Confirms Elections in Kardzali,” No. 83, Part II, 26 April 1996.Google Scholar
Rudin, C. and Eminov, A., “Bulgarian Turkish: The Linguistic Effects of Recent Nationality Policy,” Anthropological Linguistics, Vol. 32, Nos. 1–2, 1990, pp. 149–162.Google Scholar
Rudin, C. and Eminov, A., “Bulgarian Nationalism and Turkish Language in Bulgaria,” in Fraenkel, E. and Kramer, C., eds, Language Contact—Language Conflict (New York: Peter Lang, 1993), pp. 43–71.Google Scholar
Sofia Press, The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (Sofia: Sofia Press, 1971).Google Scholar
Sofia Press, “Declaration of the Bulgarian Muftis,” in Who Worries about Moslems in Bulgaria, and Why? (Sofia: Sofia Press, 1985a), pp. 27–28.Google Scholar
Sofia Press, “Full Support to the Declaration of the Bulgarian Mufti's Office,” in Who Worries about Moslems in Bulgaria (Sofia: Sofia Press, 1985b), pp. 29–48.Google Scholar
Sofia Press, The Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria (Sofia: Sofia Press, 1991).Google Scholar
Syuleymanogly, K., “Kŭm vŭprosa za slavyanskite leksikalni elementi v Turskiya ezik,” Sŭpostavitelno Ezikoznanie, Vol. 18, Nos. 3–4, 1993, pp. 187–193.Google Scholar
Tahsin, M., “Çağdaş Türkçemiz,” Hak ve Özgürlük, Nos. 7, 9, 1991, p. 9; Nos. 20, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 36, 38, 40, 1991, p. 5.Google Scholar
Troxel, L., “Socialist Persistence in the Bulgarian Elections of 1990-1991,” East European Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 4, 1993, pp. 407–430.Google Scholar
Tzvetkov, P. S., “The Politics of Transition in Bulgaria,” Problems of Communism, Vol. 43, No. 3, 1992, pp. 34–35.Google Scholar
Yinger, J. M., “Ethnicity,” Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 11, 1985, pp. 151–180. 24 Chasa, “Zabranena turskata rech v novinite,” 18 oktomvri, 1995, p. 3.Google Scholar