Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T05:03:06.088Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Stalin's russocentrism in historical and international context

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Andreas Umland*
Affiliation:
Institute for Central and East European Studies (ZIMOS), Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany

Extract

If Lenin were alive today and to find himself in Stalin's hands, without any doubt, he would have confessed being a German spy – and, maybe, with some more justification [than others who had done so in 1937-1938]. (Georgii Fedotov after the third show trial (as quoted in Liuks [Luks], Istoriia Rossii i Sovetskogo Soiuza 258)).

Type
Debate
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agursky, Mikhail. The Third Rome: National Bolshevism in the USSR. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1987. Print.Google Scholar
Azadovskii, Konstantin and Egorov, Boris. “From Anti-Westernism to Anti-Semitism.” Journal of Cold War Studies 4.1 (2002): 6680. Print.Google Scholar
Behrends, Jan C.Vom Panslawismus zum ‘Friedenskampf:’ Außenpolitik, Herrschaftslegitimation und Massenmobilisierung im sowjetischen Nachkriegsimperium (1944-1953).” Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 56.1 (2008): 2753. Print.Google Scholar
Bialer, Seweryn. “How Russians Rule Russia.” Problems of Communism 13.5 (1964): 4552.Google Scholar
Billington, James H.The Legacy of Russian History.” The Stalin Revolution: Foundations of the Totalitarian Era. 3rd edn. Ed. Daniels, Robert V. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1990. 183193. Print.Google Scholar
Borschtschagowski, Alexander. Orden für einen Mord: Die Judenverfolgung unter Stalin. Berlin: Propyläen, 1997. Print.Google Scholar
Brandenberger, David. “Review of Kostyrchenko, V plenu u krasnogo faraona, Kostyrchenko, Out of the Red Shadows, and Borshchagovsky, Obvinyaetsya krov'.Europe-Asia Studies 51.2 (1999): 347350. Print.Google Scholar
Brandenberger, David. National Bolshevism: Stalinist Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931-1956. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2002. Print.Google Scholar
Carrère d'Encausse, Hélène. “The Return of Inequality.” The Stalin Revolution: Foundations of the Totalitarian Era. 3rd edn. Ed. Daniels, Robert V. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1990. 131–38. Print.Google Scholar
Conze, Susanne. “Weder Emanzipation noch Tradition: Stalinistische Frauenpolitik in den vierziger Jahren.” Stalinismus: Neue Forschungen und Konzepte. Ed. Plaggenborg, Stefan. Berlin: Berlin Verlag Arno Spitz, 1998. 293320. Print.Google Scholar
Daniels, Robert V.Was Stalin Really a Communist?The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 20.2-3 (1993): 169–75. Print.Google Scholar
Dymerskaia-Tsigel'man, Liudmila. “Nezabyvaemyi 1953-i.” Forum noveishei vostochnoevropeiskoi istorii i kul'tury 2.1 (2005). Web. 19 Jan. 2010 <http://www1.ku-eichstaett.de/ZIMOS/forum/docs/04Dymerskaja1953.pdf>>Google Scholar
Dymerskaia-Tsigel'man, Liudmila. “Sovetskie korni sovremennogo antisemitizma.” Forum noveishei vostochnoevropeiskoi istorii i kul'tury 3.2 (2006). Web. 19 Jan. 2010 <http://www1.ku-eichstaett.de/ZIMOS/forum/docs/Dymerskaja.pdf>>Google Scholar
Gilboa, Yehoshua. The Black Years of Soviet Jewry, 1939-1953. Boston/Toronto: Little, Brown and Co./Brandeis University, 1971. Print.Google Scholar
Gincberg, Lev. “Das bolschewistische Regime und die Geisteswissenschaften: Erinnerungen eines Zeitzeugen.” Forum für osteuropaische Ideen- und Zeitgeschichte 9.1 (2005): 203–23. Print.Google Scholar
Golubovic, Zagorka. “Stalinism Against Socialism.” The Stalin Revolution: Foundations of the Totalitarian Era. 3rd edn. Ed. Daniels, Robert V. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1990. 251–63. Print.Google Scholar
Gregor, A. James. Contemporary Radical Ideologies: Totalitarian Thought in the Twentieth Century. New York: Random House, 1968. Print.Google Scholar
Gregor, A. James. The Ideology of Fascism: The Rationale for Totalitarianism. New York: Free Press, 1969. Print.Google Scholar
Gregor, A. James. The Fascist Persuasion in Radical Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1974. Print.Google Scholar
Gregor, A. James. Italian Fascism and Developmental Dictatorship. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1979. Print.Google Scholar
Gregor, A. James. “Fascism and the New Russian Nationalism.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 31.1 (1998): 115. Print.Google Scholar
Gregor, A. James. Phoenix: Fascism in Our Time. New Brunswick: Transaction, 1999. Print.Google Scholar
Gregor, A. James. The Faces of Janus: Fascism and Marxism in the Twentieth Century. New Haven: Yale UP, 2000. Print.Google Scholar
Grüner, Frank. Patrioten und Kosmopoliten: Juden im Sowjetstaat 1941-1953. Köln: Böhlau, 2008. Print.Google Scholar
Kolstø, Pål.The Concept of ‘Patriotic Internationalism': A Contribution to the Understanding of Soviet Ideology.” Nordic Journal of Soviet and East European Studies 1.4 (1984): 1 -29. Print.Google Scholar
Korey, William. “The Origins and Development of Soviet Anti-Semitism: An Analysis.” Slavic Review 31.1 (1972): 111–35. Print.Google Scholar
Kostyrchenko, Gennadii. V plenu u krasnogo faraona: Politicheskie presledovaniia evreev v SSSR v poslednee stalinskoe desiatiletie. Moskva: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 1994. Print.Google Scholar
Kostyrchenko, Gennadii. Tainaia politika Stalina: Vlast’ i antisemitizm. Moskva: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 2003. Print.Google Scholar
Kostyrchenko, Gennadii. Comp. Gosudarstvennyi antisemitizm v SSSR: Ot nachala do kul'minatsii, 1938-1953. Ed. Iakovlev, Aleksandr N. Moskva: MFD-Materik, 2005. Print.Google Scholar
Kraus, Tamash. Sovetskii termidor: Dukhovnye predposylki stalinskogo perevorota (1917-1928). Budapest: Vengerskii institute rusistiki, 1997. Print.Google Scholar
Kurliandskii, Igor’ A.O mnimom povorote Stalina k pravoslavnoi tserkvi.” Voprosy istorii 9 (2008): 316. Print.Google Scholar
Liuks [Luks], Leonid. “Evreiskii vopros v politike Stalina.” Voprosy istorii 7 (1999): 4159. Print.Google Scholar
Liuks [Luks], Leonid. “Antisemitizm v politike Stalina.” Forum noveishei vostochnoevropeiskoi istorii i kul'tury 5.2 (2008): 3272. Web. 19 Jan. 2010 <http://www1.ku-eichstaett.de/ZIMOS/forum/docs/forumruss10/3LuksFR10.pdf>>Google Scholar
Liuks [Luks], Leonid. Istoriia Rossii i Sovetskogo soiuza: Ot Lenina do El'tsina. Moskva: ROSSPEN, 2009. Print.Google Scholar
Liuks [Luks], Leonid. Entstehung der kommunistischen Faschismustheorie: Die Auseinandersetzung der Komintern mit Faschismus und Nationalsozialismus. Stuttgart: DVA, 1985. Print.Google Scholar
Liuks [Luks], Leonid. “Zum Stalinschen Antisemitismus: Brüche und Widersprüche.” Jahrbuch für Historische Kommunismusforschung 13 (1997): 950. Print.Google Scholar
Liuks [Luks], Leonid, ed. Der Spätstalinismus und die “jüdische Frage:” Zur antisemitischen Wendung des Kommunismus. Köln: Böhlau, 1998. Print.Google Scholar
Liuks [Luks], Leonid. Zwei Gesichter des Totalitarismus: Bolschewismus und Nationalsozialismus im Vergleich. Köln: Böhlau, 2007. Print.Google Scholar
Lovell, David W. From Marx to Lenin: An Evaluation of Marx's Responsibility for Soviet Authoritarianism. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1984. Print.Google Scholar
Lustiger, Arno. Rotbuch: Stalin und die Juden. Berlin: Aufbau, 1998. Print.Google Scholar
Marković, Mihailo. “Stalinism and Marxism.” Stalinism: Essays in Historical Interpretation. Ed. Tucker, Robert C. New York: Norton, 1977. 299319. Print.Google Scholar
Medvedev, Zhores. Stalin i evreiskaia problema: Novyi analiz. Moskva: Prava Cheloveka, 2003. Print.Google Scholar
Mehnert, Klaus. Stalin versus Marx: The Stalinist Historical Doctrine. London: Allen & Unwin, 1952. Print.Google Scholar
Messmer, Matthias. Sowjetischer und postkommunistischer Antisemitismus: Entwicklungen in Russland, der Ukraine und Litauen. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1997. Print.Google Scholar
Naumov, V.P.Razgrom Evreiskogo antifashistskogo komiteta.” Forum noveishei vostochnoevropeiskoi istorii i kul'tury 2.2 (2005). Web. 19 Jan. 2010 <http://www1.ku-eichstaett.de/ZIMOS/forum/docs/8Naumov%20rus.pdf>>Google Scholar
Nielsen, Kai. “On Marx Not Being an Egalitarian.” Studies in Soviet Thought 35 (1998): 287326. Print.Google Scholar
Oberlander, Erwin, ed. Sowjetpatriotismus und Geschichte. Köln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1967. Print.Google Scholar
Popovich, N.Sovetskaia politika po ukrepleniiu russkogo patriotizma i samosoznaniia (1935-1945 gg.).” Rossiia v XX veke: Istoriki mira sporiat. Moskva: Nauka, 1994. 468–74. Print.Google Scholar
Rapoport, Louis. Stalin's War Against the Jews: The Doctors’ Plot and the Soviet Solution. New York: The Free Press, 1990. Print.Google Scholar
Redlich, Shimon. Propaganda and Nationalism in Wartime Russia: The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in the USSR, 1941-1948. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1982. Print.Google Scholar
Redlich, Shimon. War, Holocaust and Stalinism: A Documented Study of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in the USSR. Luxembourg: Harwood, 1995. Print.Google Scholar
Shlapentokh, Dmitry. “Bolshevism, Nationalism, and Statism: Soviet Ideology in Formation.” The Bolsheviks in Russian Society: The Revolution and the Civil Wars. Ed. Brovkin, Vladimir. New Haven, CT: Yale UP, 1997. 271–97. Print.Google Scholar
Shvarts, S.M. Antisemitizm v Sovetskom Soiuze. New York: Izd-v im. Chekhova, 1952. Print.Google Scholar
Sinitsyn, Fedor L.Problema natsional'nogo i internatsional'nogo v natsional'noi politike i propagande v SSSR v 1944-pervoi polovine 1945 goda.” Rossiiskaia istoriia 6 (2009): 4053. Print.Google Scholar
Sternhell, Zeev. The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1994. Print.Google Scholar
Sternhell, Zeev. Neither Right nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1995. Print.Google Scholar
Umland, Andreas. “Soviet Antisemitism after Stalin.” East European Jewish Affairs 29.1-2 (1999): 159–68. Print.Google Scholar
Umland, Andreas. “Ofitsial'nyi sovetskii antisemitizm poslestalinskogo perioda.” Pro et Contra 7.2 (2002): 158–68. Print.Google Scholar
Umland, Andreas. “How Much Self-Reflection Does Stalinism Studies Need?” H-Net Reviews in the Humanities & Social Sciences February 2003. Web. 19 Jan. 2010 <http://www.h-net.org>>Google Scholar
Umland, Andreas. “Was Stalinism Nationalistic?” Labour History News April 2005. Web. 19 Jan. 2010.Google Scholar
Umland, Andreas. “Neue ideologische Fusionen im russischen Antidemokratismus: Westliche Konzepte, antiwestliche Doktrinen und das postsowjetische politische Spektrum.” Gefährdungen der Freiheit: Extremistische Ideologien im Vergleich. Ed. Backes, Uwe and Jesse, Eckhard. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprechte, 2006. 371406. Print.Google Scholar
van Ree, Erik. “Stalin and the National Question.” Revolutionary Russia 7.2 (1994): 214–38. Print.Google Scholar
van Ree, Erik. “Socialism in One Country: A Reassessment.” Studies in East European Thought 50 (1998): 77117. Print.Google Scholar
van Ree, Erik. “Nationalist Elements in the Work of Marx and Engels: A Critical Survey.” MEGA-Studien. 1 (2000): 2549. Print.Google Scholar
van Ree, Erik. “Stalin's Bolshevism: The Year of the Revolution.” Revolutionary Russia 13.1 (2000): 2954. Print.Google Scholar
van Ree, Erik. “The Concept of ‘National Bolshevism:’ An Interpretative Essay.” Journal of Political Ideologies 6.3 (2001): 289307. Print.Google Scholar
van Ree, Erik. The Political Thought of Joseph Stalin: A Study in Twentieth-Century Revolutionary Patriotism. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002. Print.Google Scholar
van Ree, Erik. “Heroes and Merchants: Stalin's Understanding of National Character.” Kritika 8.1 (2007): 4165. Print.Google Scholar
Vaksberg, Arkady. Stalin Against the Jews. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994. Print.Google Scholar
Vetter, Matthias. Antisemiten und Bolschewiki: Zum Verhältnis von Sowjetsystem und Judenfeindschaft. Berlin: Metropol, 1995. Print.Google Scholar
Vogt, Stefan. “Zwischen Sozialismus und Faschismus: Nationaler Sozialismus im Europa der Vor- und Zwischenkriegszeit.” Ideengeschichte als politische Aufklarung: Festschrift für Wolfgang Wippermann zum 65. Geburtstag. Eds. Vogt, Stefan et al. Berlin: Metropol, 2010. 72107. Print.Google Scholar
Vujačić, Veljko. “Gennadiy Zyuganov and the ‘Third Road'.” Post-Soviet Affairs 12.2 (1996): 118–54. Print.Google Scholar
Weiner, Amir. “Nature, Nurture, and Memory in a Socialist Utopia: Delineating the Soviet Socio-Ethnic Body in the Age of Socialism.” The American Historical Review 104.4 (1999): 1114–55. Print.Google Scholar
Weinryb, Bernard D.Antisemitism in Soviet Russia.” The Jews in Soviet Russia since 1917. 3rd edn. Ed. Kochan, Lionel. New York: Oxford UP, 1978. 300–32. Print.Google Scholar
Weitz, Eric D.Racial Politics without the Concept of Race: Reevaluating Soviet Ethnic and National Purges.” Slavic Review. 61.1 (2002): 129. Print.Google Scholar
Weitz, Eric D.On Certainties and Ambivalences: Reply to My Critics.” Slavic Review. 61.1 (2002): 6265. Print.Google Scholar