Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T04:34:09.223Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Russian military patriotic education: a control tool against the arbitrariness of veterans

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Elisabeth Sieca-Kozlowski*
Affiliation:
Journal of Power Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies & CERCEC, EHESS, Paris, France

Abstract

The military had been concerned about military patriotic education for a long time when Putin's Patriotic Education Programme was published. As soon as the collapse of the Soviet Union occurred, followed a few years later by the creation of the Russian armed forces, they had already been developing patriotic education programmes aimed primarily at youth, aided by veterans of local wars, both volunteers and recruits. The aim of this article is to show that the military version of patriotic education aims openly to encourage military service, and that the Russian state will try to enlist veterans of the Afghanistan and Chechen wars in activities linked to military patriotic education and its spread in military and civilian spheres. Our hypothesis is that the determination to bring veterans together around a common project has two aims: (1) to federate veterans around the authorities and (2) to channel a population that escapes government control and some of whose excesses on their return to civilian life (violence towards the population in the context of their function, for veterans of the Interior Ministry in particular) have darkened the image of the ministries known as the “power” ministries.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akchurin, Rasim. Director of the Centre for Patriotic Education and for Civil Education of the Education Department of the city of Moscow (himself a retired officer). Personal interview. Moscow, 14 Oct. 2008.Google Scholar
Association of Military. Politologists. Web. 14 Mar. 2008. <http://www.mil.pol.ru>..>Google Scholar
Astapkin, Igor. Deputy President of the Council of Veterans of the MVD. Personal interview. Moscow, 17 Oct. 2008.Google Scholar
Caroli, Dorena. L'Enfance abandonnée et délinquante dans la Russie Soviétique, 1917–1937. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2004. Print.Google Scholar
Central Council of Veterans’ Affairs of the Defence Ministry. Web. 2 Nov. 2005. <http://old.mil.ru/print/articles/article12486/shtml>..>Google Scholar
Chernyshev, Gennadi. Editor-in-chief of the review Voennye Znanie, a publication of the ROSTO Association. Personal interview. Moscow. 13 Oct. 2008.Google Scholar
Corwin, Julie. “Police Brutality Reminiscent of Chechnya.” RFE/RL Newsline 9.118 pt. I. (22 June 2005). Email.Google Scholar
Corwin, Julie. “Russian Police's ‘Clean-Up Operations’ Extending beyond Chechnya.” Radio Liberty 24 Mar. 2005. Email.Google Scholar
Edele, Mark. Soviet Veterans of World War II: A Popular Movement in an Authoritarian Society, 1941–1991. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 2008. Print.Google Scholar
Frolov, Igor. “Orphans Find a New Family with Russian Military.” Russia Journal Aug. 1999: n. pag. Print.Google Scholar
Galanin, Iu. “On Patriotic Education in the Cadet Corps of the Ministry for Civil Defence, Emergencies, and Natural Disasters.” Russian Education and Society 46.12 (2004): 7581. Print.Google Scholar
Galeotti, Mark. Afghanistan: The Soviet Union's Last War. New York: Cass, 2001. Print.Google Scholar
Gololobov, A. “Aleksei Endreevich snova poshel v shkolu.” Opasnyi Vozrast [Dangerous Age. Law Review on youth, published by the MVD of Russia]. 9.3 (2008): 3. Print.Google Scholar
Gvardiia Rossii, gazeta Rossiiskogo soiuza veteranov Afganistana 5.44 (Aug. 2008). Print.Google Scholar
Hønneland, Geir, and Jørgensen, Anne-Kristin. Integration vs. Autonomy: Civil–Military Relations on the Kola Peninsula. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999. Print.Google Scholar
Isangulov, Il'dat. U Poslednei cherty. Dokumenty I fakty o deiatel'nosti mafii v Respublike Bashkortostan. Moscow: Izdatel’ Gainullin, 2006. Print.Google Scholar
Kedrov, Il'ia. “S chego nachinaetsia rodina.” Nezavisimoe Voennoe Obozrenie. 10–16 July 1998: 8. Print.Google Scholar
Kolessov, Vladimir, and Voshchevoz, Valeri. Assistants to the president of the central directorate of the Union of Veterans of Afghanistan (RSVA). Personal interview. Moscow. 6 Oct. 2008.Google Scholar
Kontingent. Personal interview with the secretary of Kontingent, Association of AfghanistanGoogle Scholar
Veterans. Moscow, 1 Oct. 2008.Google Scholar
Korbut, Andrei. “Armiia shefstvuet nad beznadzornymi det'mi.” Nezavisimaia Gazeta – Krug Zhizni. 15 Oct. 1999: 2. Print.Google Scholar
Le Huérou, Anne, and Sieca-Kozlowski, Elisabeth. Culture militaire et patriotisme dans la Russie d'aujourd'hui, Ed. Le Huérou, Anne and Elisabeth, Sieca-Kozlowski. Paris: Karthala, 2008. Print.Google Scholar
Le Huérou, Anne “Un ‘syndrome tchétchène'? Les Vétérans russes de la guerre de Tchétchénie, acteurs et vecteurs d'une transposition de la violence de guerre.” Les Vétérans dans les sorties de conflits armés. Facteur de pacification ou de brutalisation des sociétés? Ed. Duclos, Nathalie. Paris: Collection Recherches Internationales, Karthala, 2009, forthcoming. Print.Google Scholar
Markelov, Stanislav. The Chechnya Syndrome and the Blagovechensk Case. 4 Apr. 2007. Web. 30 June 2009. <http://www.robertamsterdam.com/2007/04/stanislav_markelov_russias_fil.htm>..>Google Scholar
Migatsev, U., and Tikhomirov, S.V. Voennoe Pravo. Moscow: ZAO BKTs, 1998. Print.Google Scholar
“Military Training for Civil Servants.” Gazeta.ru 9 Feb. 2001. Web.Google Scholar
Molchanov, Viktor. Interview with the president of the Veterans’ Council of the UVDT of North Caucasia, Transport Police. “Ne prervetsia sviaz’ pokalenii Militsiia 8 (2007). Web. May 2009. <http://www.ormvd.ru>..>Google Scholar
Moscow Helsinki Gvoup. Special Operation by MVD of Bashkortostan, Events, Facts, Assessments, Findings. 2005 Web.Google Scholar
Mukhin, Vladimir. “Politicheskaia nota veteranskaia prizyva.” Nezavisimaia Gazeta. 4 Apr. 2007. Web. <http://www.ng.ru/printed/76993>..>Google Scholar
Mukhin, Vladimir. “Zhensovety zaimutsia komplektatsiei armii.” Nezavisimoe Voennoe Obozrenie 12–18 Nov. 2004. 7: 8. Print.Google Scholar
Nesterovich, E.Boevoi opytbostrebovan Sozdana edinaia organizatsiia veteranov vooruzhennykh sil Rossiiskoi federatsii.” VPK Voenno-promyshlennyi kur'er 46.262 (26 Nov.–2 Dec. 2008). Web.Google Scholar
Nougareyde, Nathalie. “Rafles, tortures, intimidations: les dérapages des forces spéciales russes à Blagovechensk.” Le Monde 17 Mar. 2005: 4. Print.Google Scholar
Obrashchenie ministra oborony Rossiiskoi Federatsii k ofitserskomu sostavu Vooruzhennykh Sil RF. “Armiia! Vnesi svoi vklad v zashchitu detstva.” Krasnaia Zvezda 25 Nov. 1997: 1. Print.Google Scholar
O'Flynn, Kevin. “Join the Russian Army. Veterans of Chechnya Set Up a Boot Camp for Tourists.” Newsweek. 8 Aug. 2005: n. pag. Print.Google Scholar
Oushakine, Sergei. “The Patriotism of Despair: National Memory, Symbolic Economics, and Communities of Loss in a Russian Province.” Diss. Columbia U. (2005). Print.Google Scholar
Politkovskaia, Anna. Douloureuse Russie. Journal d'une femme en colère. Paris: Buchet/Chastel, 2006. Print.Google Scholar
Raviot, Jean-Robert. “Anatomie du patriotisme russe contemporain.” Almanack de la recherche franco-russe 1 (2007): 19. Print.Google Scholar
“Russia's Putin Decries Rise in Orphan Numbers.” Associated Press 19 Feb. 2000, via Johnson Russia List, 4146. Email.Google Scholar
Saradzhyan, Simon. “Military's Tradition of Adoption Legalized.” The Moscow Times 25 Feb. 2000. Print.Google Scholar
Shilov, Ivan. “Veterasnkoe dvizhenie i vospitatel'naia rabota.” Professional (Popularno-pravovoi al'manakh MVD Rossii) 10 (2007). Web.Google Scholar
Shilov, Ivan. “Vzaimodeistvie veteranskikh organizatsii s organami vnutrinnikh del i porazdeleniiami vnutrennikh voisk.” Professional (Popularno-pravovoi al'manakh MVD Rossii) 6 (2007): 1719, under the section “Vospitatel'naia rabota: shagi reformy.” Print.Google Scholar
Shorokhov, Gennadi. Head of patriotic education of the Boevoe Bratstvo Association. Personal interview. Moscow, 9 Oct. 2008.Google Scholar
Silantyev, V. “If War Comes Tomorrow.” Narodnaia Gazeta (Ulianovsk) 15 Nov. 2002. 1+6, via WPS Defence and Security 136 (25 Nov. 2002). Email.Google Scholar
Soviet Veteranov Afganistana (Council of Veterans of Afghanistan). Personal interviews. Moscow, 6 and 8 Oct. 2008.Google Scholar
Sperling, Valerie. “Making the Public Patriotic: Militarism and Anti-militarism in Russia.” Russian Nationalism in Putin's Russia, Ed. Laruelle, Marléne, Abingdon: Routledge, 2009: 218–71. Print.Google Scholar
Starodymov, Nikolai. Former director of the review Boevoe Bratstvo, the publication of the veterans’ association of the same name. Personal interview. Moscow, 9 Oct. 2008.Google Scholar
Taran, Iuri. Head of the Department of Teaching and Science of the Regional Administration of Lipetsk. Voennye Zaniia 9 (2004): 1011. Print.Google Scholar
Troshin, Sergei. “Traditsii deval'vatsii ne podlezhat; S pervogo soveshaniia veteranskogo aktiva vooruzhennykh sil RF.” VPK voenno-promyshlennyi kur'er 14.180 (2007): 1117. Print.Google Scholar
Voennye Komissariaty 3 (2008): 31. Print.Google Scholar