Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T04:43:20.836Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Renegotiating the empire, forging the nation (-state): the Bohemian/Czechoslovakian case through the political–economic thought of Thomas G. Masaryk and Karel Kramář, c. 1890–1920s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Adrian Brisku
Adrian Brisku*
Affiliation:
The Institute of International Studies, Social Sciences Department, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic School of Arts and Sciences, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
*
*Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article explores the dilemma of the small Bohemian Lands/Czechoslovak nation (-state) in staying “in” or “out” of the larger Habsburg supranational entity in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century. It does so mainly through the language of political economy (on national wealth creation and redistribution) articulated in the opinions and political actions of Czechoslovakia's two founding statesmen, the first president, Thomas G. Masaryk, and the first prime minister, Karel Kramař. The article argues that their choice of staying “in” the large imperial space was premised upon renegotiating a better political and political–economic deal for the Bohemian Lands, whereas the option of abandoning it and of forging the Czechoslovak nation-state was essentially based on political reasons. And while both advocated an interventionist role for the state in the economy during the imperial period, they considered such a prerogative even more essential for their new nation-state.

Keywords

Bohemian LandsCzechoslovak nation-statepolitical economyfederalismsmall versus large statesAustro-Hungarian EmpireMasarykKramař
Type
Articles
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 45 , Issue 4 , July 2017 , pp. 632 - 650
Copyright
Copyright © 2017 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albrecht, Catherine. 1986. “Book Review: Monopolizace Cukrovarnictví v Českých zemích do roku 1938, by František Dudek, Prague, Academia, 1985.” Slavic Review 45 (4): 760–761.Google Scholar
Albrecht, Catherine. 1992. “Two Czech Economists: Albín Bráf and Josef Kaizl.” East Central Europe 19 (1): 1–15.Google Scholar
Albrecht, Catherine. 1996. “Book Review: Tschechen im Habsburgerreich und in Europa, 1815–1914: Sozialgeschichtliche Zusammen- hange der neuzeitlichen Nationsbildung und der Nationalitatenfrage in den bohmischen Landern. By Jiri Koralka. Munich: R. Oldenbourg; Vienna, 1991.” Slavic Review 45 (4): 896–897.Google Scholar
Baer, Josette. 2000. “Imagining Membership: The Conception of Europe in the Political Thought of T. G. Masaryk and Václav Havel.” Studies in East European Thought 52: 203–226. doi:10.1023/A:1008759519923Google Scholar
Bažant, Ian, Bažantová, Nina, and Starn, Frances. 2010. The Czech Reader: History, Culture and Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Bažantová, Iliona. 2009. “Karel Kramář a jeho zájem o národohospodářskou a finační vědu.” In Karel Kramář (1860–1937): Život a Dílo, edited by Bílek, Jan, and Velek, Luboš, 58–74. Prague: Historický ústav.Google Scholar
Bideleux, Robert, and Jeffries, Ian. 2002. A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bílek, Jan, and Velek, Luboš. 2009. Karel Kramář (1860–1937): Život a Dílo. Prague: Historický ústav.Google Scholar
Bílek, Jan, and Bilková, Eva. 2005. Korespondence: T. G. Masaryk – Karel Kramář. Prague: Masarykuv ústav AV ČR.Google Scholar
Brisku, Adrian. 2015. “Renegotiating the Empire, Forging the Nation-State: The Case of Georgia through the Political Economic Thought of Niko Nikoladze and Noe Zhordania, c. 1870–1920s.” Nationalities Papers 44 (2): 299–318.Google Scholar
Butschek, Felix. 1994. “External Shocks and Long-term Patterns of Economic Growth in Central and Eastern Europe.” In Economic Transformation in East and Central Europe, edited by Good, David F., 27–44. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Čapek, Karel. [1927] 2013. Hovory s T. G. Masarykem. Prague: Akcent.Google Scholar
Cibulka, Pavel, Hájek, Jan, and Kučera, Martin. 2009. “The Definition of Czech National Society during the Period of Liberalism and Nationalism (1860–1914).” In A History of Bohemian Lands, Jaroslav Panek, edited by., and Tůma, Oldřich, 331–378. Prague: Karolinium Press.Google Scholar
Clark, Evalyn A. 1940. “Adolf Wagner: From National Economist to National Socialist.” Political Science Quarterly 5 (3): 378–411.Google Scholar
Deák, István. 1997. “The Habsburg Empire.” In After Empire: Multi-Ethnic Societies and Nation-Building, edited by Barkey, Karen, and Von Hagen, Mark, 129–141. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Doubek, Vratislav. 1999. T. G. Masaryk: A Česka Slovanska Politika, 1882–1910. Prague: Academia.Google Scholar
Hájková, Dagmar. 2009. “Tak zabili a rozsekali dr. Kramáře … a utratili život prof. Masaryka: poznámky ke vztahu T. G. Masaryk ke Karlu Kramářovi za první světové valky.” In Karel Kramár (1860–1937): Život a Dílo, edited by Bílek, Jan, and Velek, Luboš, 336–343. Prague: Historický ústav.Google Scholar
Harna, Josef. 2009. “The Bohemian LandsDuring the First World War.” In A History of Bohemian Lands, edited by Jaroslav Panek, Oldřich Tůma et al., 379–394. Prague: Karolinium Press.Google Scholar
Hoch, Karel, ed. 1938. Paměti Dr. Karla Kramáře. Prague: Československý čtenář.Google Scholar
Kampmark, Blnoy. 2016. “Brexit versus Grexit: Hypocrisies in the European Project.” International Policy Digest, May 17, http://intpolicydigest.org/2016/03/17/brexit-versus-grexit-hypocrisies-in-the-european-project.Google Scholar
Kann, Robert A. 1974. A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526–1918. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kohák, Erazim. 1964. “T. G. Masaryk Revision of Marxism.” Journal of the History of Ideas 25 (4): 519–542. doi:10.2307/2708184.Google Scholar
Kosyk, Wolodymyr. 1991. “Masaryk et la Révolution Ruse.” In Thomas Garrigue Masaryk: Européen et Humaniste, edited by Peška, Vladimir, and Marès, Antonine, 175–186. Paris: EDI.Google Scholar
Kramář, Karel. 1886. Das Papiergeld in Oesterreich seit 1848. Leipzig: Duncker & Humbolt.Google Scholar
Kramář, Karel. 1896. Ceské Státní Právo. Prague: Tiskem a Nakladem Eduarda Beauforta.Google Scholar
Kramář, Karel. 1921. Ruská Krise. Prague: Pražská akciová tiskárna.Google Scholar
Kučera, Martin. 2009. “Ještě Masaryk and Kramář?” In Karel Kramář (1860–1937): Život a Dílo, edited by Bílek, Jan, and Velek, Luboš, 722–737. Prague: Historický ústav.Google Scholar
Kvaček, Robert. 2008. “Československo a Evropa v době skonu T. G. Masaryka.” In T.G. Masaryk a česká státnost, edited by Pavlincová, Helena, and Zouhar, Jan, 13–17. Prague: Ústav T. G. Masaryka.Google Scholar
Lacina, Vlastislav. 2000. Zlatá léta: českoslovenkého hospodářství, 1918–1929. Prague: Historický ústav AV ČR.Google Scholar
Luft, Robert. R. 1992. “Sociological Structures of Czech Political Elites before the World War I.” East Central Europe 19 (1): 16–25.Google Scholar
Lustigová, Martina. 2006. “Vztah Masaryka a Kramáře: Pastýř a Dítě,” Český Rozhlas, Historické obzor. http://www.radio.cz/cz/mbrika/historie/vztah-masaryka-a-kramare-pastyr-a-dite.Google Scholar
Lustigová, Martina. 2007. Karel Kramář: První Československý Premiér. Prague: Vyšehrad.Google Scholar
Maier, Charles S. 1987. In Search of Stability: Explorations in Historical Political Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Marholeva, Krasimira. 2009. “Kramářův a Masarykův Předválecný Federalismus v Kontextu České Federalistické Tradice.” In Karel Kramář (1860–1937): Život a Dílo, edited by Bílek, Jan, and Velek, Luboš, 314–335. Prague: Historický ústav.Google Scholar
Masaryk, Thomas G. 1888. “O Českém Státním Právu.” Čas 18: 273.Google Scholar
Masaryk, Thomas G. 1917. “The Problem of Small Nations in the European Crisis.” In The Voice of an Oppressed People, 5–23. Chicago, IL: Bohemian National Alliance.Google Scholar
Masaryk, Thomas G. [1898] 1947. Otázka Sociálni: Základy Marxismu Filozofické a Sociologické. 2 vols. Prague: Čin.Google Scholar
Masaryk, Thomas G. 1969. Česká Otázka: Snahy a Tužby Národního Obrození. Prague: Melantrich.Google Scholar
Masaryk, Thomas G. 1990. Student a politika. Prague: Nakladatelstiví Svoboda.Google Scholar
Masaryk, Thomas G. 1991. O Democracii. Prague: Melantrich.Google Scholar
Masaryk, Thomas G. [1918] 1994. Nová Evropa. Brno: Doplněk.Google Scholar
Masaryk, Thomas G. 2001. Parliamentní Projevy, 1907–1913. Prague: Masarykův ústav AV ČR.Google Scholar
Michel, Bernard. 1976. Banques et banquiers en Autriche au début du XXème siècle . Paris: Presses de la FNSP.Google Scholar
Miller, Daniel. E. 1994. Forging Political Compromise: Antonin Svehla and the Czechoslovak Republican Party. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh University Press.Google Scholar
“Návrh programu lidového.” 1890. Čas, 26 February.Google Scholar
Opat, Jaroslav. 1990. Filozof a Politik: T. G. Masaryk, 1882–1893. Prague: Melantrich.Google Scholar
Palacky, Frantisek. [1848] 2007. “Letter to Frankfurt, 11 April 1848.” In National Romanticism: The Formation of National Movements: Discourses of Collective Identity in Central and South Eastern Europe, 1740–1945, Vol. 2, edited by Trencsenyi, Balazs and Kopecek, Michal, New Edition, 322–329. Budapest: CEU Press.Google Scholar
Peška, Vladimir, and Marès, Antonine, eds. 1991. Thomas Garrigue Masaryk: Européen et Humaniste. Paris: EDI.Google Scholar
Plaschka, Richard. G. 1973. “The Political Significance of František Palacký.” Journal of Contemporary History 8 (3): 35–55.Google Scholar
Pocock, John G. A. [1975] 2003. The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Preshlenova, Roumyana. 1994. “Austro-Hungarian Trade and the Economic Development of Southeastern Europe before World War I.” In Economic Transformation in East and Central Europe, edited by Good, David F., 231–254. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
“Program Ceskoslovenské národní demokracie, schválený valným sjezdem strany dne 25 března 1919.” Prague.Google Scholar
Quagliatová, Vlasta. 2009. “Kramářova reflexe pařižské mírové konfernence v osobní korespondenci s T. G. Masarykem.” In Karel Kramář (1860–1937): Život a Dílo Kramář's, edited by Bílek, Jan, and Velek, Luboš, 384–403. Prague: Historický ústav.Google Scholar
Sachar, Howard M. 2007. Dreamland: Europeans and the Jews in the Aftermath of the Great War. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Hartman, Eva. 1984. T. G. Masaryk's Realism: Origins of Czech Political Concept. Munich: Collegium Carolinum.Google Scholar
Šetřilová, Jana. 1997. Alois Rašín: Dramatický Život Českeho Politika. Prague: Argo.Google Scholar
Soubigou, Alain. 2004. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Prague: Litomyšl.Google Scholar
Szporluk, Roman. 1981. Political Thought of Thomas G. Masaryk. New York: Colombia University Press.Google Scholar
Teichova, Alice. 1994. “Continuity and Discontinuity: Banking and Industry in Twentieth-Century Central Europe.” In Economic Transformation in East and Central Europe, edited by Good, David F., 63–74. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Winkelerová, Martina. 2011. Karel Kramář (1860–1937). Prague: Argo.Google Scholar
Winters, Stanley B., 1990. “Masaryk and Karel Kramář: Long Years of Friendship and Rivalry.” In T. G. Masaryk (1850–1937), Vol. 1. Thinker and Politician, edited by Winters, Stanley B., 153–190. London: Palgrave.Google Scholar