Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T04:22:48.209Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Kin-State Politics: Causes and Consequences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2020

Myra A. Waterbury Open the ORCID record for Myra A. Waterbury [Opens in a new window]
Myra A. Waterbury*
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article situates the development of the kin-state politics literature within the context of post-Cold War scholarship on ethnicity, nationalism, and conflict. It outlines how an increasingly mature literature emerged around the domestic political and foreign policy drivers of kin-state politics as scholars drew from a number of perspectives, from the literature on irredentism to that on diaspora politics and transborder nationalism. The article then evaluates scholarship on the drivers and impacts of kin-state politics, with a focus on the consequences of kin-state politics for the cultural and political landscape of external kin communities and the impact on regional security and stability. While a rich and nuanced literature has helped to contextualize the tensions and complexities of the former, I argue that the latter needs to be developed further. Careful work needs to be done to more precisely establish the conditions under which kin-state politics constitute a security threat. Future scholarship should bring together a more ground level perspective of how kin-state policies are perceived, utilized, and/or instrumentalized by their intended subjects with a critical understanding of how the “game” of kin-state politics is played within the home state and the kin-state.

Keywords

kin-state politicsdiaspora politicsminoritiesnationalismpost-communist
Type
State of the Field
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 48 , Issue 5 , September 2020 , pp. 799 - 808
Check for updates
Copyright
© Association for the Study of Nationalities 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bauböck, Rainer, Perchinig, Bernhard, Sievers, Wiebke, eds. 2007. Citizenship Policies in the New Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers. 1995. “National Minorities, Nationalizing States, and External National Homelands in the New Europe.” Daedelus 124 (2): 107–132.Google Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers. 2000. “Accidental Diasporas and External ‘Homelands’ in Central and Eastern Europe: Past and Present.” Reihe Politikwissenschaft / Institut für Höhere Studien, Abt. Politikwissenschaft, 71. Wien: Institutfür HöhereStudien. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-246552 (Accessed August 29, 2019.)Google Scholar
Carment, David, and James, Patrick. 1996. “Two-Level Games and Third-Party Intervention: Evidence from Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans and South Asia.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 29 (3): 521–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caspersen, Nina. 2007. “Belgrade, Pale, Knin: Kin-State Control over Rebellious Puppets?” Europe-Asia Studies 59 (4): 621–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cederman, Lars-Erik, Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, Salehyan, Idean, and Wucherpfennig, Julian. 2013. “Transborder Ethnic Kin and Civil War.” International Organization 67 (Spring): 389–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cederman, Lars-Erik, Girardin, Luc, and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, 2009. “Ethnonationalist Triads: Assessing the Influence of Kin Groups on Civil Wars.” World Politics 61 (3): 403–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cordell, Karl, and Wolff, Stefan. 2007. “Germany as a Kin-State: The Development and Implementation of a Norm-Consistent External Minority Policy towards Central and Eastern Europe.” Nationalities Papers 35 (2): 289–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csergő, Zsuzsa. 2007. Talk of the Nation: Language and Conflict in Romania and Slovakia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csergő, Zsuzsa, and Goldgeier, James M.. 2001. “Virtual Nationalism.” Foreign Policy 125 (July/August): 76–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csergő, Zsusza, and Goldgeier, James M.. 2004. “Nationalist Strategies and European Integration.” Perspectives on Politics 2 (1): 21–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csergő, Zsuzsa, and Goldgeier, James M.. 2013. “Kin-State Activism in Hungary, Romania, and Russia: The Politics of Ethnic Demography.” In Divided Nations and European Integration, edited by Mabry, Tristan James, McGarry, John, Moore, Margaret, and O’Leary, Brendan, 89–126. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Csergő, Zsuzsa, and Regelmann, Ada-Charlotte. 2017. “Europeanization and Collective Rationality in Minority Voting: Lessons from Central and Eastern Europe.” Problems of Post-Communism 64 (5): 291–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, David R., and Moore, Will H.. 1997. “Ethnicity Matters: Transnational Ethnic Alliances and Foreign Policy Behavior.” International Studies Quarterly 41 (1): 171–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dumbrava, Costica. 2014. Nationality,Citizenship and Ethno-Cultural Belonging: Preferential Membership Policies in Europe. London:Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fowler, Brigid. 2002. “Fuzzing Citizenship, Nationalizing Political Space: A Framework for Interpreting the Hungarian ‘Status Law’ as a New Form of Kin-state Policy in Central and Eastern Europe.” ESRC One Europe or Several?Working Paper Series 40 (2). http://www.one-europe.ac.uk/pdf/w40fowler.pdf (Accessed August 29, 2019.)Google Scholar
Gherghina, Sergiu, and Jiglau, George. 2011. “Explaining Ethnic Mobilisation in Post-Communist Countries.” Europe-Asia Studies 63 (1): 49–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gjevori, Elvin. 2018. “Kin State Non-interventionism: Albania and Regional Stability in the Western Balkans.” Nations and Nationalism 24 (1): 171–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grigas, Agnia. 2016. Beyond Crimea: The New Russian Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, Enze, O’Mahoney, Joseph, and Paik, Christopher. 2014. “External Kin, Economic Disparity, and Minority Ethnic Group Mobilization.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 31 (1): 49–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, Enze. 2013. “External Cultural Ties and the Politics of Language in China.” Ethnopolitics 12 (1): 30–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heraclides, Alexis. 1990. “Secessionist Minorities and External Involvement.” International Organization 44 (3): 341–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenne, Erin K. 2007. Ethnic Bargaining: The Paradox of Minority Empowerment. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Jenne, Erin K. 2015. Nested Security: Lessons in Conflict Management from the League of Nations and the European Union. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kallas, Kristina. 2016. “Claiming the Diaspora: Russia’s Compatriot Policy and Its Reception by Estonian-Russian Population.” Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe 15 (3): 1–25.Google Scholar
Kemp, Walter. 2011. “The Responsibility to Protect Minorities: Is the Kin-state a Problem or a Solution?” In Blood and Borders: The Responsibility to Protect and the Problem of the Kin-State, edited by Kemp, Walter, Popovski, Vesselin, and Thakur, Ramesh. New York: United Nations University.Google Scholar
King, Charles, and Melvin, Neil J.. 1999. “Diaspora Politics: Ethnic Linkages, Foreign Policy and Security in Eurasia.” International Security 24 (3): 108–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, Charles, and Melvin, Neil J., eds. 1998. Nations Abroad: Diaspora Politics and International Relations in the Former Soviet Union. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Kiss, Tamás, Toró, Tibor, and Székely, István Gergő. 2018. “Unequal Accommodation. An Institutionalist Analysis of Ethnic Claim-making and Bargaining.” In Unequal Accommodation of Minority Rights: Hungarians in Transylvania, edited by Kiss, Tamás, Székely, István Gergő, Toró, Tibor, and Bárdi, Nándor. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiss, Tamás, and Kiss, Dénes. 2018. “Ethnic Parallelism: Political Program and Social Reality. An Introduction.” In Unequal Accommodation of Minority Rights: Hungarians in Transylvania, edited by Kiss, Tamás, Székely, István Gergő, Toró, Tibor, and Bárdi, Nándor. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knott, Eleanor. 2019. “Strategy, Identity or Legitimacy? Analysing Engagement with Dual Citizenship from the Bottom-up.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45 (6): 994–1014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knott, Eleanor. 2015. “What Does it Mean to Be a Kin Majority? Analyzing Romanian Identity in Moldova and Russian Identity in Crimea from Below.” Social Science Quarterly 96 (3): 830–859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koinova, Maria. 2013. Ethnonationalist Conflict in Postcommunist States. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koinova, Maria. 2008. “Kinstate Intervention in Ethnic Conflicts: Albania and Turkey Compared.” Ethnopolitics 7 (4): 375–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krasniqi, Gezim. 2013. “Quadratic Nexus” and the Process of Democratization and State-Building in Albania and Kosovo: A Comparison.” Nationalities Papers 41 (3): 395–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laitin, David. 1998. Identity in Formation: The Russian-Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Mylonas, Harris. 2012. The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagle, John. 2013. “Does Having a Kin State Lessen the Likelihood of Minorities Engaging in Secessionist Mobilization? An Analysis of the Moderating Influence of Kin States.” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 19 (3): 287–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. 2008. The Bolzano/Bozen Recommendations on National Minorities in Inter-State Relations. https://www.osce.org/hcnm/bolzano-bozen-recommendations (Accessed August 29, 2019.)Google Scholar
Papp, Attila Z. 2017. “Trickster Logics in the Hungarian Dual-Citizenship Offer.” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 23 (1): 18–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pogonyi, Szabolcs. 2017. Extra-Territorial Ethnic Politics, Discourses and Identities in Hungary. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saideman, Stephan M., and Ayres, R. William. 2008. For Kin or Country: Xenophobia, Nationalism, and War. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulze, Jennie L. 2018. Strategic Frames: Europe, Russia, and Minority Inclusion in Estonia and Latvia. Philadelphia: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shevel, Oxana. 2010. “The Post-Communist Diaspora Laws: Beyond the ‘Good Civic versus Bad Ethnic’ Nationalism Dichotomy.” East European Politics and Societies 24 (1): 159–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siroky, David S., and Hale, Christopher W.. 2017. “Inside Irredentism: A Global Empirical Analysis.” American Journal of Political Science 61 (1): 117–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, David J. 2002. “Framing the National Question in Central and Eastern Europe: A Quadratic Nexus?” The Global Review of Ethnopolitics 2 (1): 3–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Štiks, Igor. 2010. “The Citizenship Conundrum in Post-Communist Europe: The Instructive Case of Croatia.” Europe-Asia Studies 62 (10): 1621–1638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stjepanović, Dejan. 2015. “Claimed Co-ethnics and Kin-State Citizenship in Southeastern Europe.” Ethnopolitics 14 (2): 140–158CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stjepanović, Dejan. 2018. Multiethnic Regionalisms in Southeastern Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Udrea, Andreea. 2014. “A Kin-state’s Responsibility: Cultural Identity, Recognition, and the Hungarian Status Law.” Ethnicities 14 (2): 324–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Venice Commission. 2001. Report on the Preferential Treatment of National Minorities by their Kin-state, Report of the Venice Commission at its 48th Plenary Meeting, October19–20. https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-INF(2001)019-e (Accessed August 29, 2019.)Google Scholar
Wallace, Claire, and Patsiurko, Natalka. 2017. “Relational Identities on EU Borderlands: The Case of Poles in Belarus and Belarusians in Poland.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 40 (1): 77–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterbury, Myra A. 2010. Between State and Nation: Diaspora Politics and Kin-state Nationalism in Hungary. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterbury, Myra A. 2014. “Making Citizens Beyond the Borders: Non-Resident Ethnic Citizenship in Post-Communist Europe.” Problems of Post-Communism 61 (4): 36–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterbury, Myra A. 2016. “National Minorities and Intra-Ethnic Coordination in the European Union.” Europe-Asia Studies 68 (3): 391–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterbury, Myra A. 2017. “National Minorities in an Era of Externalization: Kin-State Citizenship, European Integration, and Ethnic Hungarian Minority Politics.” Problems of Post-Communism 64 (5): 228–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiner, Myron. 1971. “The Macedonian Syndrome: An Historical Model of International Relations and Political Development.” World Politics 23 (4): 665–683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar