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Stalin's populism and the accidental creation of Russian national identity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

David Brandenberger
David Brandenberger*
Affiliation:
University of Richmond – History, Richmond, VA, USA
*
*Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

This article argues that the formation of a mass sense of Russian national identity was a recent, contingent event that first began to take shape under Stalin. Surveying the new literature on Russian nationalism, it contends that elite expressions of “Russianness” and bureaucratic proclamations of “official nationality” or russification should not be conflated with the advent of a truly mass sense of grassroots identity. Borrowing from an array of theorists, it argues that such a sense of identity only becomes possible after the establishment of necessary social institutions – universal schooling, a modern army, etc. Inasmuch as these institutions come into being only after the formation of the Soviet Union, this article focuses on how a mass sense of Russian national identity began to form under a rapid and unpredictable series of ideological shifts that occurred during the Stalinist 1930s and 1940s. This article's major contribution is its description of this development as not only contingent, but accidental. Drawing a clear line between russocentric propaganda and full-blown Russian nationalism, it argues that the ideological initiatives that precipitated mass identity formation in the USSR were populist rather than nationalist. In this sense, Stalinism has much more in common with Perónism than it does with truly national regimes.

Keywords

RussiaUSSRStalinpopulismnationalism
Type
Debate
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 38 , Issue 5 , September 2010 , pp. 723 - 739
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

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