Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T08:20:35.087Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Slovak and Croatian invocation of Europe: the Museum of the Slovak National Uprising and the Jasenovac Memorial Museum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Ljiljana Radonic
Ljiljana Radonic*
Affiliation:
Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Culture Studies and Theatre History, Vienna, Austria
*
∗Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Even though self-critical dealing with the past has not been an official criterion for joining the EU, the founding of the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance, and Research and the Holocaust conference in Stockholm at the beginning of 2000 seem to have generated informal standards of confronting and exhibiting the Holocaust in the context of “Europeanization of Memory.” Comparative analysis shows that post-Communist museums dealing with the World War II period perform in the context of those informal standards. Both the Jasenovac Memorial Museum in Croatia and the Museum of the Slovak National Uprising in Banská Bystrica were founded in the Communist era and played an important role in supporting the founding myths of the two countries. Both were subjected to historical revisionism during the 1990s. In the current exhibitions from 2004/2006, both memorial museums stress being part of Europe and refer, to “international standards” of musealization, while the Jasenovac memorial claims to focus on “the individual victim.” But stressing the European dimension of resistance and the Holocaust obscures such key aspects as the civil war and the responsibility of the respective collaborating regime.

Keywords

post-Communist memorial museumsSlovak national uprisingJasenovacEuropeanization of memory
Type
Articles
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , May 2014 , pp. 489 - 507
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahonen, Heiki. 2005. “Wie gründet man ein Museum? Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Museum der Okkupationen in Tallinn.” In Der Kommunismus im Museum. Formen der Auseinandersetzung in Deutschland und Ostmitteleuropa, edited by Volkhard Knigge and Ulrich Mählert, 107–116. Köln: Böhlau.Google Scholar
Apor, Péter and eds, Oksana Sarkisova. 2008. Past for the Eyes: East European Representations of Communism in Cinema and Museums after 1989. Budapest: CEU Press.Google Scholar
Bašić, Natalija. 2009. “Der jugoslawische Partisanenkampf – Revision einer Legende am Beispiel Kroatiens und Serbiens.” Südosteuropa 57 (1): 91–112.Google Scholar
Bell, Randloph. 2003. “Foreign Press Center Briefing.” http://2002-2009-fpc.state.gov/20414.htm Google Scholar
Benčić-Rimay, Tea, ed. 2006. Spomen podrucje Jasenovac. Jasenovac: Spomen podrucje Jasenovac.Google Scholar
Bútora, Martin. 2007. “A Compelling Testimony.” In On the Trail of Tragedy. The Holocaust in Slovakia, edited by Ivan Kamenec, 7–16. Bratislava: H&H.Google Scholar
Crane, Susan A., 1997. “Memory, Distortion, and History in the Museum.” History and Theory 36 (4): 44–63.Google Scholar
Diner, Dan. 2007. Gegenläufige Gedächtnisse. Über Geltung und Wirkung des Holocaust. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Education Centre. http://www.jusp-jasenovac.hr/Default.aspx?sid=6609 Google Scholar
Goldstein, Ivo. 2001. Holokaust u Zagrebu. Zagreb: Novi liber.Google Scholar
Haughton, Tim. 2003. “Facilitator and Impeder: The Institutional Framework of Slovak Politics during the Premiership of Vladimir Meciar.” The Slavonic and East European Review 81 (2): 267–290.Google Scholar
Hrženjak, Juraj. 2002. Rušenje antifašističkih spomenika u Hrvatskoj 1990–2000. Zagreb: Savez antifasistickih boraca Hrvatske.Google Scholar
Hudek, Adam. 2011. “National Museums in Slovakia: Nation Building Strategies in a Frequently Changing Environment.” In EuNaMus Report No 1, edited by Peter Aronsson and Gabriella Elgenius, 817–846. Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press.Google Scholar
Hudelist, Darko. 2004. Tudman. Biografija. Zagreb: Profil.Google Scholar
Husova, Maria. 2006. “Slovakia: Uncovering the Past.” Transitions Online. http://www.tol.org/client/article/15714-uncovering-the-past.html Google Scholar
Ivančić, Viktor. 2000. Točka na U. Slučaj Šakić. Split: Feral Tribune.Google Scholar
Jakovina, Tvrtko. 2006. “Nezavisna Drzava Hrvatska.” In Spomen podrucje Jasenovac, edited by Bencic-Rimay, 16–43. Jasenovac: Spomen podrucje Jasenovac.Google Scholar
Jovičić, Nataša. 2006. “Zrtva je pojedinac.” In Spomen podrucje Jasenovac, edited by Bencic-Rimay, 8–10. Jasenovac: Spomen podrucje Jasenovac.Google Scholar
Jureit, Ulrike. 2009. “Olympioniken der Betroffenheit. Normierungstendenzen einer opferidentifizierten Erinnerungskultur.” In Aufarbeitung der Diktatur – Diktat der Aufarbeitung? edited by Katrin Hammerstein, Ulrich Mahlert, Julie Trappe, and Edgar Wolfrum, 108–119. Göttingen: Wallstein.Google Scholar
Keller, Reiner. 2011. “The Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse.” Human Studies 34: 43–65.Google Scholar
Kevo, Mario. 2006. “Stradanja Hrvata u Jasenovcu.” In Spomen područje Jasenovac, edited by Bencic-Rimay, 182–197. Jasenovac: Spomen područje Jasenovac.Google Scholar
Köhr, Katja. 2007. “Flucht in die Moral? – Museale Darstellungen des Holocaust zwischen nationalen Fragen und universellen Zugängen.” Medaon 1/2007. http://medaon.de/pdf/A-Koehr-l-2007.pdf Google Scholar
Kroh, Jens. 2006. Transnationale Erinnerung. Der Holocaust im Fokus geschichtspolitischer Initiativen. Frankfurt: Campus.Google Scholar
Lášticová, Barbara and Findor, Andrej. 2008. “From Regime Legitimation to Democratic Museum Pedagogy? Studying Europeanization at the Museum of the Slovak National Uprising.” In Politics of Collective Memory. Cultural Patterns of Commemorative Practices in Post-War Europe, edited by Sophie Wahnich, Barbara Lášticová, and Andrej Findor, 237–257. Vienna: Lit.Google Scholar
Leggewie, Claus and Lang, Anne. 2011. Der Kampf um die europäische Erinnerung. Ein Schlachtfeld wird besichtigtet. München: C.H. Beck.Google Scholar
Lengel-Krizman, Narcisa. 2006. “Genocid nad Romima – Jasenovac 1942.” In Spomen područje Jasenovac, edited by Bencic-Rimay, 154–170. Jasenovac: Spomen područje Jasenovac.Google Scholar
Levy, Daniel and Sznaider, Natan. 2005. The Holocaust and Memory in a Global Age. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
List of Individual Victims of Jasenovac Concentration Camp. http://www.jusp-jasenovac.hr/Default.aspx?sid=6711 Google Scholar
Mälksoo, Maria. 2009. “The Memory Politics of Becoming European: The East European Subalterns and the Collective Memory of Europe.” European Journal of International Relations 15 (4): 654–680.Google Scholar
Mannová, Elena. 2011. “Jubiläumskampagnen und Uminterpretationen des Slowakischen Nationalaufstands von 1944.” In Erinnern mit Hindernissen: osteuropäische Gedenktage und Jubiläen im 20. und zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts, edited by Rudolf Jaworski, 201–240. Münster: Lit.Google Scholar
Mark, James. 2010. The Unfinished Revolution: Making Sense of the Communist Past in Central-Eastern Europe. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Museum of Slovak National Uprising. 2006. Exposition Guide. Banská Bystrica: Museum of the SNU.Google Scholar
Múzeum SNP. 1985. Sprievodca po expozícii. Banská Bystrica: Múzeum SNP.Google Scholar
Múzeum SNP. 1990. Sprievodca po expozicii Muzea SNP. Banská Bystrica: Múzeum SNP.Google Scholar
New Permanent Museum Exhibition – 2006. http://www.jusp-jasenovac.hr/Default.aspx?sid=6587 Google Scholar
Radonic, Ljiljana. 2010. Krieg um die Erinnerung. Kroatische Vergangenheitspolitik zwischen Revisionismus und europäischen Standards. Frankfurt am Main: Campus.Google Scholar
Radonic, Ljiljana. 2011. “Croatia – Exhibiting Memory and History at the ‘Shores of Europe'.” Culture Unbound Journal of Current Cultural Research 23 (3). http://www.cultureunbound.ep.liu.se/v3/a23 Google Scholar
Roksandić, Drago. 2006. “O tragediji, traumi i katarzi: Srbi u Jasenovačkom logoru, 1941–1945 godine.” In Spomen područje Jasenovac, edited by Benčić-Rimay, 72–93. Jasenovac: Spomen podrucje Jasenovac.Google Scholar
Rousso, Henry. 2011. “History of Memory, Policies of the Past: What For?” In Conflicted Memories. Europeanizing Contemporary Histories, edited by Konrad H. Jarausch and Thomas Lindenberger, 23–38. New York: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Sniegon, Tomas. 2008. Den Försvunna Historien. Förintelsen i tjeckisk och slovakisk historiekultur. Lund: Lunds Universitet.Google Scholar
Sommer-Sieghart, Monika. 2006. “Historische Ausstellungen als ‘contested space'.” In Schauplatz Kultur – Zentraleuropa, edited by Johannes Feichtinger, 159–166. Innsbruck: Studienverlag.Google Scholar
Stanislav, Ján and Halaj, Dušan. 1996. “K deformáciam interpretácie protifašistického odboja na Slovensku a SNP.” In Nezodpovedané otázky. K spochyhňovaniu odboja a SNP v našich národných dejinách, edited by Dusan Halaj and Dezider Tóth, 9–20. Banská Bystrica: Múzeum SNP.Google Scholar
Sundhaussen, Holm. 2004. “Jugoslawien und seine Nachfolgestaaten. Konstruktion, Dekonstruktion und Neukonstruktion von ‘Erinnerungen’ und Mythen.” In Mythen der Nationen. 1945 – Arena der Erinnerung, edited by Monika Flacke, 373–426. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar
Syrný, Marek, n.d. “Home resistance.” http://www.muzeumsnp.sk/index.php?aO=history&a1=home_resistance Google Scholar
The Slovak National Uprising Museum. 2000. Exposition Guide. Banská Bystrica: Slovak National Uprising Museum.Google Scholar
Tuđman, Franjo. 1990. Bespuca povijesne zbiljnosti: rasprava o povijesti ifilozofiji zlosilja. Zagreb: Matica hrvatske.Google Scholar
Vnuk, Frantisek. 1990. Dedicstvo otcov. Eseje na historieté témy. Bratislava: Alfa Omega.Google Scholar
Welzer, Harald. ed. 2007. Der Krieg der Erinnerung. Holocaust, Kollaboration und Widerstand im europäischen Gedächtnis. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer.Google Scholar
Williams, Paul. 2007. Memorial Museums. The Global Rush to Commemorate Atrocities. Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar