Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T05:19:36.919Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pride and shame in collective memory of Russian and American youths

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2019

Valeria Kasamara ,
Anna Sorokina  and
Marina Maximenkova
Valeria Kasamara*
Affiliation:
National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Anna Sorokina
Affiliation:
National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Marina Maximenkova
Affiliation:
National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
*
* Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article examines collective attitudes of American and Russian students toward national historical events that elicit pride or shame. The authors use the results of a quantitative questionnaire and analysis of in-depth interviews among students of leading American and Russian universities to identify the temporal localization, the content structure, and the prevalence of either hard or soft power in students' attitudes of pride or shame. The authors argue that perceptions of the past have been a core component of national identity and may have an impact on citizens' political behavior in the present. The authors also stress that major differences in young people's understanding of the past may influence future US-Russia relations.

Keywords

collective memoryRussian studentsAmerican studentsshame and pride
Type
Articles
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 46 , Issue 5: Special Section: Between the wars , September 2018 , pp. 823 - 843
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achugar, Mariana, Fernández, Amparo, and Morales, Nicolás. 2013. “Re/constructing the Past: How Young People Remember the Uruguayan Dictatorship.” Discourse and Society 24 (3): 265–288.Google Scholar
Afanas'eva, Anastasiia I., and Merkushin, Viktor I. 2005. “Velikaia Otechestvennaia voina v istoricheskoi pamiati rossiian.” Sociologicheskie issledovaniia 5:11–22.Google Scholar
“America Trampa: I ne drug, I ne vrag…?” 2017. WCIOM, April 17. Accessed September 12, 2017. https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=116158.Google Scholar
Assmann, Jan. 2004. Kul'turnaia pamyat': Pis'mo, pamiat' o proshlom i politicheskaia identichnost' v vysokikh kul'turakh drevnosti. Moscow: Iazyki slavianskoi kul'tury.Google Scholar
Assmann, Aleida. 2014. Dlinnaia ten' proshlogo: Memorial'naia kul'tura i istoricheskaia politika. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie.Google Scholar
Bell, Duncan S. 2003. “Mythscapes: Memory, Mythology, and National Identity.” The British Journal of Sociology 54 (1): 63–81.Google Scholar
Cheskin, Ammon. 2012. “History, Conflicting Collective Memories, and National Identities: How Latvia's Russian-Speakers are Learning to Remember.” Nationalities Papers 40 (4): 561–584.Google Scholar
Couper, Mick P. 2000. “Web Surveys: A Review of Issues and Approaches.” Public Opinion Quarterly 64 (4): 464–494.Google Scholar
Dan, Yongjun, Todd, Reese, and Lan, William. 2010. “Consensus and Difference: American Students' Perspectives on the National History.” Education 131 (3): 331–341.Google Scholar
Emel'yanova, Tatyana Petrovna. 2002. “Sotsial'naia psikhologiia. Sotsial'nye predstavleniia kak instrument kollektivnoi pamiati (na primere vospominanii o Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine).” Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 4:49–59.Google Scholar
Eyal, Gil. 2004. “Identity and Trauma: Two Forms of the Will to Memory.” History and Memory 16 (1): 5–36.Google Scholar
Gerber, Theodore P., and Mendelson, Sarah E. 2008. “Us and Them: Anti-American Views of the Putin Generation.” The Washington Quarterly 31 (2): 131–150.Google Scholar
Gongaware, Timothy B. 2010. “Collective Memory Anchors: Collective Identity and Continuity in Social Movements.” Sociological Focus 43 (3): 214–239.Google Scholar
Halbwachs, Maurice. 2007. Sotsial'nye ramki pamiati. Moscow: Novoe izdatel'stvo.Google Scholar
Jõesalu, Kirsti. 2012. “The Role of the Soviet Past in Post-Soviet Memory Politics through Examples of Speeches from Estonian Presidents.” Europe-Asia Studies 64 (6): 1007–1032.Google Scholar
Kasamara, Valeria Alexandrovna, and Sorokina, Anna Andreevna. 2015. “Post-Soviet Collective Memory: Russian Youths about Soviet Past.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 48 (2–3): 137–145.Google Scholar
“Kholodnaia voina — vskore nachnetsia ili uzhe idet?” 2014. WCIOM, November 28. Accessed September 12, 2017. http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=115071.Google Scholar
Langenohl, Andreas. 2008. “Memory in Post-authoritarian Societies.” In A Companion to Cultural Memory Studies, edited by Erll, Astrid and Nunning, Ansgar, 163–172. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Lee, Francis L. F., and Chan, Joseph Man. 2013. “Generational Transmission of Collective Memory about Tiananmen in Hong Kong: How Young Rally Participants Learn about and Understand 4 June.” Journal of Contemporary China 22 (84): 966–983.Google Scholar
McDonnell, Erin Metz, and Fine, Gary Alan. 2011. “Pride and Shame in Ghana: Collective Memory and Nationalism among Elite Students.” African Studies Review 54 (3): 121–142.Google Scholar
“Medvedev konstatiroval nachalo novoi kholodnoi voiny mezhdu Rossiei i NATO.” 2016. Rossiiskaia gazeta, February 15. http://www.interfax.ru/world/494512.Google Scholar
Mendelson, Sarah E., and Gerber, Theodore P. 2006. “Failing the Stalin Test: Russians and Their Dictator.” Foreign Affairs 85 (1): 2–8.Google Scholar
Nye, Joseph. 2004. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs Group.Google Scholar
“Otnoshenie rossiian k drugim stranam.” 2014. Levada Center, August 6. Accessed September 12, 2017. http://www.levada.ru/06–08–2014/otnoshenie-rossiyan-k-drugim-stranam.Google Scholar
“Russia.” 2016. Gallup. Accessed September 12, 2017. http://www.gallup.com/poll/1642/russia.aspx.Google Scholar
Saganenko, Galina I., and Vorontsova, Olga A. 2008. “Predstavleniia molodezhi o strane ehpohi SSSR.” Sociologiia: metodologiia, metody i matematicheskoe modelirovanie (Sociologiia: 4M) 27:158–187.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Barry, and Heinrich, Horst-Alfred. 2004. “Cultural Frames of Memory and Responsibility: America and Germany.” In Framing Public Memory, edited by Phillips, Kendall, 115–147. Birmingham, AL: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Barry, Kazuya, Fukuoka, and Sachiko, Takita-Ishii. 2005. “Collective Memory: Why Culture Matters.” In The Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Culture, edited by Jacobs, Mark and Hanrahan, Nancy, 253–271. New York, NY: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Barry, and Kim, Mikyoung. 2001. “Honor, Dignity, and Collective Memory: Judging the Past in Korea and the United States.” In Culture in Mind: Toward a Sociology of Culture and Cognition, edited by Cerulo, Karen, 115–146. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Shlapentokh, Vladimir. 2011. “The Puzzle of Russian Anti-Americanism: From ‘Below’ or from ‘Above’.” Europe-Asia Studies 63 (5): 875–889.Google Scholar
Sorek, Tamir. 2011. “The Quest for Victory: Collective Memory and National Identification among the Arab-Palestinian Citizens of Israel.” Sociology 45 (3): 464–479.Google Scholar
“Staryi dobryi vrag.” 2016. Levada Center, August 28. Accessed September 12, 2017. http://www.levada.ru/2016/08/22/staryj-dobryj-vrag-2/.Google Scholar
Stent, Angela E. 2008. “Restoration and Revolution in Putin's Foreign Policy.” Europe-Asia Studies 60(6): 1089–1106.Google Scholar
Toplak, Cirila, Pikalo, Jernej, and Luksic, Igor. 2007. “Teaching History to Political Science Students: Historiography as Part of Political Process.” Innovations in Education and Teaching International 44 (4): 377–386.Google Scholar
Tourangeau, Roger, Conrad, Frederick G., and Couper, Mick P. 2013. The Science of Web Surveys. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Utenkov, Viacheslav M., and Zakalkin, Aleksandr S. 2000. “Ob istoricheskom soznanii studencheskoi molodezhi.” Sociologicheskie issledovaniia 6:119–122.Google Scholar
Zaromb, Franklin, Butler, Andrew C., Agarwal, Pooja K., and Roediger, Henry L. 2014. “Collective Memories of Three Wars in United States History in Younger and Older Adults.” Memory & Cognition 42 (3): 383–399.Google Scholar
Zhang, Tony, and Schwartz, Barry. 1997. “Confucius and the Cultural Revolution: A Study in Collective Memory.” International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 11 (2): 189–212.Google Scholar