Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T12:20:47.888Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Germany as a Kin-State: The Development and Implementation of a Norm-Consistent External Minority Policy towards Central and Eastern Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Karl Cordell
Affiliation:
School of Law & Social Science, University of Plymouth, UK Email: [email protected]
Stefan Wolff
Affiliation:
School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham, UK Email: [email protected]

Extract

Germany's role as a kin-state of ethnic German minorities in Central and Eastern Europe stems from a number of factors. At one level it is part and parcel of a unique historical legacy. It is also inextricably linked with the country's foreign policy towards this region. The most profound policy that the Federal Republic of Germany developed in this context after the early 1960s was Ostpolitik, which contributed significantly to the peaceful end of the Cold War, but has remained relevant thereafter despite a fundamentally changed geopolitical context, as Germany remains a kin-state for hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans across Central and Eastern Europe, particularly in the former Soviet Union, in Poland, Romania, and Hungary. As such, a policy towards these external minorities continues to form a significant, but by no means the only, manifestation of Ostpolitik.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2007 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adenauer, K. Errinerungen. Book 2. Stuttgart: Deutsche, 1967.Google Scholar
Bade, K., ed. “Republikflüchtlinge-Übersiedler-Aussiedler.” In Deutsche im Ausland. Munich: C. H. Beck, 1993.Google Scholar
Bender, P. Die “Neue Ostpolitik” und ihre Folgen. Munich: Deutscher Taschenbucher, 1995.Google Scholar
Benz, W. Die Vertreibung der Deutschen aus dem Osten: Ursachen, Erignisse, Folgen. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1985.Google Scholar
Berger, P., and Luckmann, T. The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Anchor Books, 1966.Google Scholar
Boekle, H., Rittberger, V., and Wagner, W.Constructivist Foreign Policy Theory.” In German Foreign Policy since Unification: Theories and Case Studies. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Brandt, W.Entspannugspolitik mit langem Atem,” Bulletin des Presse und Informationamtes der Bundesregierung 85 (1967): 729.Google Scholar
Bundesministerium des Innern [cited 9 March 2006]. Available from http://www.bmi.bund.de/ Google Scholar
Bundestagsdrucksachen 13/1116, 13/3195, 13/3428.Google Scholar
Cordell, K., and Wolff, S. German Foreign Policy towards Poland and the Czech Republic: Ostpolitik Revisited. London: Routledge, 2005.Google Scholar
Cordell, K., and Wolff, S.Ethnic Germans in Poland and the Czech Republic: A Comparative Evaluation.” Nationalities Papers 33, no. 2 (2005): 255–76.Google Scholar
Cordell, K., and Wolff, S. A Foreign Policy Analysis of the “German Question”: Ostpolitik Revisited, Foreign Policy Analysis (forthcoming).Google Scholar
Cramer, D. “Bahr am Ziel.” Deutschland-Archiv, November 1972.Google Scholar
Elster, J. The Cement of Society: A Study of Social Order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Elster, J.Social Norms and Economic Theory.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 3, no. 4 (1989): 99117.Google Scholar
Erb, S. German Foreign Policy: Navigating a New Era. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2003.Google Scholar
Fehr, E., and Fischbacher, U.Social Norms and Human Cooperation.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8, no. 4 (2004): 185–90.Google Scholar
Hajnicz, A. Polens Wende und Deutschlands Vereinigung. Paderborn: Schoningh, 1995.Google Scholar
Hechter, M., and Opp, K. D. Social Norms. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2001.Google Scholar
Hyde-Price, A. Germany and European Order. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Hyde-Price, A.Bundesministerium des Innern” [cited 9 March 2006]. Available from http://www.bmi.bund.de/ Google Scholar
Ingam, H., and Ingam, M., eds. EU Expansion to the East. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2002.Google Scholar
Köcher, R. “Vertriebene der Erlebnis- und Nachfolgegeneration. Ergebnisse einer Sekundäranalyse.” Deutschland und seine Nachbarn: Forum für Kultur und Politik, no. 21 (1997).Google Scholar
Köcher, R. “Beklommenheit vor dem historischen Schritt: Die Bevölkerung sieht überwiegend Risiken der Osterweiterung.” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 21 April 2004: 5.Google Scholar
Levy, J. S.Theories of Interstate and Intrastate War: A Levels-of-Analysis Approach.” In Turbulent Peace: The Challenges of Managing International Conflict, edited by Crocker, C., Hampson, F. O., and Aall, P. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Loth, N. Ost–West-Konflikte und deutsche Fragen. Munich: dtv, 1989.Google Scholar
Löwenthal, R. Vom kalten Krieg zur Ostpolitik. Stuttgart: Seewald, 1974.Google Scholar
Naimark, N. M. Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Noelle, E., and Neumann, E. P., eds. Jahrbuch der öffentlichen Meinung 1947–1955. Vol. 1. Allensbach: Verlag für Demoskopie, 1956.Google Scholar
Noelle, E., and Neumann, E. P., eds. Jahrbuch der öffentlichen Meinung 1957. Vol. 2. Allensbach: Verlag für Demoskopie, 1957.Google Scholar
Noelle, E., and Neumann, E. P., eds. Jahrbuch der öffentlichen Meinung 1958–1964. Vol. 3. Allensbach and Bonn: Verlag für Demoskopie, 1965.Google Scholar
Noelle, E., and Neumann, E. P., eds. Jahrbuch der öffentlichen Meinung 1965–1967. Vol. 4. Allensbach and Bonn: Verlag für Demoskopie, 1967.Google Scholar
Noelle, E., and Neumann, E. P., eds. Jahrbuch der öffentlichen Meinung 1968–1973. Vol. 5. Allensbach and Bonn: Verlag für Demoskopie, 1974.Google Scholar
Noelle, E., and Neumann, E. P., eds. The Germans. Public Opinion Polls 1947–1966. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Noelle-Neumann, E., ed. Allensbacher Jahrbuch der Demoskopie 1974–1976. Vol. 6. Vienna: Fritz Molden, 1976.Google Scholar
Noelle-Neumann, E., ed. Allensbacher Jahrbuch der Demoskopie 1976–1977. Vol. 7. Vienna: Fritz Molden, 1977.Google Scholar
Noelle-Neumann, E., ed. The Germans. Public Opinion Polls 1967–1980. edited by Noelle-Neumann, E. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1981.Google Scholar
Noelle-Neumann, E., “In der Nische. Die unsichtbare Grenze im außenpolitischen Denken von West-und Ostdeutschen.” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 21 August 1996: 5.Google Scholar
Noelle-Neumann, E., and Köcher, R., eds. Allensbacher Jahrbuch der Demoskopie 1984–1992. Vol. 9. Munich: Saur; Allensbach and Bonn: Verlag für Demoskopie, 1993.Google Scholar
Noelle-Neumann, E., and Köcher, R., eds. Allensbacher Jahrbuch der Demoskopie 1993–1997. Vol. 10. Munich: Saur; Allensbach and Bonn: Verlag für Demoskopie, 1997.Google Scholar
Noelle-Neumann, E., and Köcher, R., eds. Allensbacher Jahrbuch der Demoskopie 1998–2002. Vol. 11. Munich: Saur; Allensbach and Bonn: Verlag für Demoskopie, 2002.Google Scholar
Noelle-Neumann, E., and Piel, E., eds. Allensbacher Jahrbuch der Demoskopie 1978–1983. Vol. 8. Munich: Saur, 1983.Google Scholar
Singer, J. D.The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations.” World Politics 14, no. 1 (1961): 7792.Google Scholar
Ther, P., and Siljak, A., eds. Redrawing Nations: Ethnic Cleansing in East-Central Europe, 1944–1948. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001.Google Scholar
Wallace, W. “Old States and New Circumstances: The International Predicament of Britain, France and Germany”, in Foreign Policy making in Western Europe, edited by Wallace, W. and Paterson, W. E. Westmead: Saxon House, 1978.Google Scholar
Waltz, K. N. Man, the State and War: A Theoretical Analysis. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959.Google Scholar
Wendt, A.Constructing International Politics.” In Theories of War and Peace, edited by Brown, M. E., Cote, O. R., Lynn-Jones, S. M., and Miller, S. E. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Wolff, S. The German Question since 1919: An Analysis with Key Documents. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003.Google Scholar
Wolff, S. “Can Forced Population Transfers Resolve Self-determination Conflicts? A European Perspective”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 12, no. 1 (2004): 14782804.Google Scholar
Wolff, S.The Impact of Post-Communist Regime Change and European Integration on Ethnic Minorities: The ‘Special’ Case of Ethnic Germans in Eastern Europe.” In European Integration and the Nationalities Question, edited by McGarry, J. and Keating, M. London: Routledge, 2006.Google Scholar