Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T04:41:11.378Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Estonia and Baltic Sea Co-Operation: From Idea to Reality

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Kaido Jaanson*
Affiliation:
Department of History, Tartu University

Extract

For hundreds of years the Baltic Sea has both connected and separated the nations living on its shores. For the last fifty years the sea has been part of the Iron Curtain. However, for Estonia the formation of nation states on the shores of the Baltic has been inextricably linked with the idea of cooperation. What follows is a description of the historical background of the idea of Baltic Sea cooperation (before 1940) and some elements of its restoration in the 1990s.

Type
Part I: Estonia's Path to Identity and Independence
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 Association for the Study of Nationalities of Eastern Europe and ex-USSR 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Notes

1. Maanǒukogu protokollid 1917–1919 (Tallinn, 1935), p. 109.Google Scholar

2. Ants Piip, Tormine aasta. Ülevaade Eesti välispoliitika esiajast 1917–1918. aastal dokumentides ja mälestusis (Tartu, 1934), p. 60.Google Scholar

3. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1918. Russia, Vol. II (Washington, 1932), pp. 815–816, 839–840; Erik Palmstierna, Orestid, 1917–1919. Politiska dagboksanteckningar (Stockholm, 1935), pp. 220, 221, 229; Johannes Hellner, Minnen och dagböcker (Stockholm, 1960), pp. 455–456; Piip, op. cit., pp. 292, 294295.Google Scholar

4. Manchester Guardian, 3, 4, 7, 15 October 1918; The Times, 29 November, 1918; Morning Post, 14 December 1918; Päevaleht, 8 December, 1918; Svensk Tidskrift, No. 1, 1919, pp. 6061.Google Scholar

5. Kaarel Robert Pusta, Saadiku Päevik, Vol. I (Geislingen, 1964), p. 46; Piip, op. cit., pp. 330–331; National Archives of Estonia (NAE), Ministry of Finance (20), list 1, item 6, pp. 2125.Google Scholar

6. Palmstierna, op. cit., pp. 220–221; Torsten Gihl, Den svenska utrikespolitikens historia, 1914–1919, Vol. IV (Stockholm, 1951), p. 389; Hellner, op. cit., p. 456.Google Scholar

7. Kaido Jaanson, “Otnosenija burzhuaznoi Estonii i Svetsii v 1919 godu,” Skandinavskii sbornik, Vol. XXVI, 1981, pp. 130ff.Google Scholar

8. Kaido Jaanson, “Ob otnosenija Estonii i Svetsii v 1920–1922 godah,” Skandinavskii sbornik, Vol. XIX, 1974, pp. 118120.Google Scholar

9. Ants Piip, “Eesti ja Läti,” Akadeemia No.4, 1937, p. 210.Google Scholar

10. The Times, 26 January 1920.Google Scholar

11. Erik Palmstierna, Dagjämning, 1920–1921. Politiska dagsboksanteckningar (Stockholm, 1954), p. 29; Vaba Maa, 18 May 1920; NAE, Estonian Consulate in Stockholm (1599), list 1, item 7, p. 26.Google Scholar

12. Lauri Relander, Presidentin päiväkirja. I. Muistiinpanot vuosilta 1925–1927 (Helsinki: 1967), pp. 81, 93, 231.Google Scholar

13. IV Riigikogu protokollid, I istungjärk (Tallinn, 1929), p. 31.Google Scholar

14. Kaido Jaanson, “Miks Rootsi kuningas Eestis käis? Eesti-Rootsi suhted ajaloo peeglis,” Aja Pulss No. 12, 1989, pp. 1314.Google Scholar

15. Eesti lepingud välisriikidega. XII. 1933–1934 (Tallinn, 1935), p. 280.Google Scholar

16. Kaido Jaanson, “Pǒhjavalgus vǒi fatamorgaana? Balti-Skandinaavia liidu idee ja koostöö ühest suurest sǒjast teiseni,” Akadeemia No. 9, 1990, pp. 1894ff.Google Scholar

17. Postimees, 11 March, 1991.Google Scholar

18. Dag Sebastian Ahlander, Spelet om Baltikum (Stockholm, 1992).Google Scholar

19. Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordic Working Programme for the Baltic Region and Other Adjacent Areas, 1993, p. 2.Google Scholar

20. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia (Files).Google Scholar

21. Council of the Baltic Sea States, Second Ministerial Session Helsinki 16.–17. March 1993, Communique.Google Scholar

22. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia (Files).Google Scholar

23. Berlingske Tidende, 8 November, 1993.Google Scholar