Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 November 2018
For hundreds of years the Baltic Sea has both connected and separated the nations living on its shores. For the last fifty years the sea has been part of the Iron Curtain. However, for Estonia the formation of nation states on the shores of the Baltic has been inextricably linked with the idea of cooperation. What follows is a description of the historical background of the idea of Baltic Sea cooperation (before 1940) and some elements of its restoration in the 1990s.
1. Maanǒukogu protokollid 1917–1919 (Tallinn, 1935), p. 109.Google Scholar
2. Ants Piip, Tormine aasta. Ülevaade Eesti välispoliitika esiajast 1917–1918. aastal dokumentides ja mälestusis (Tartu, 1934), p. 60.Google Scholar
3. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1918. Russia, Vol. II (Washington, 1932), pp. 815–816, 839–840; Erik Palmstierna, Orestid, 1917–1919. Politiska dagboksanteckningar (Stockholm, 1935), pp. 220, 221, 229; Johannes Hellner, Minnen och dagböcker (Stockholm, 1960), pp. 455–456; Piip, op. cit., pp. 292, 294–295.Google Scholar
4. Manchester Guardian, 3, 4, 7, 15 October 1918; The Times, 29 November, 1918; Morning Post, 14 December 1918; Päevaleht, 8 December, 1918; Svensk Tidskrift, No. 1, 1919, pp. 60–61.Google Scholar
5. Kaarel Robert Pusta, Saadiku Päevik, Vol. I (Geislingen, 1964), p. 46; Piip, op. cit., pp. 330–331; National Archives of Estonia (NAE), Ministry of Finance (20), list 1, item 6, pp. 21–25.Google Scholar
6. Palmstierna, op. cit., pp. 220–221; Torsten Gihl, Den svenska utrikespolitikens historia, 1914–1919, Vol. IV (Stockholm, 1951), p. 389; Hellner, op. cit., p. 456.Google Scholar
7. Kaido Jaanson, “Otnosenija burzhuaznoi Estonii i Svetsii v 1919 godu,” Skandinavskii sbornik, Vol. XXVI, 1981, pp. 130ff.Google Scholar
8. Kaido Jaanson, “Ob otnosenija Estonii i Svetsii v 1920–1922 godah,” Skandinavskii sbornik, Vol. XIX, 1974, pp. 118–120.Google Scholar
9. Ants Piip, “Eesti ja Läti,” Akadeemia No.4, 1937, p. 210.Google Scholar
10. The Times, 26 January 1920.Google Scholar
11. Erik Palmstierna, Dagjämning, 1920–1921. Politiska dagsboksanteckningar (Stockholm, 1954), p. 29; Vaba Maa, 18 May 1920; NAE, Estonian Consulate in Stockholm (1599), list 1, item 7, p. 26.Google Scholar
12. Lauri Relander, Presidentin päiväkirja. I. Muistiinpanot vuosilta 1925–1927 (Helsinki: 1967), pp. 81, 93, 231.Google Scholar
13. IV Riigikogu protokollid, I istungjärk (Tallinn, 1929), p. 31.Google Scholar
14. Kaido Jaanson, “Miks Rootsi kuningas Eestis käis? Eesti-Rootsi suhted ajaloo peeglis,” Aja Pulss No. 12, 1989, pp. 13–14.Google Scholar
15. Eesti lepingud välisriikidega. XII. 1933–1934 (Tallinn, 1935), p. 280.Google Scholar
16. Kaido Jaanson, “Pǒhjavalgus vǒi fatamorgaana? Balti-Skandinaavia liidu idee ja koostöö ühest suurest sǒjast teiseni,” Akadeemia No. 9, 1990, pp. 1894ff.Google Scholar
17. Postimees, 11 March, 1991.Google Scholar
18. Dag Sebastian Ahlander, Spelet om Baltikum (Stockholm, 1992).Google Scholar
19. Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordic Working Programme for the Baltic Region and Other Adjacent Areas, 1993, p. 2.Google Scholar
20. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia (Files).Google Scholar
21. Council of the Baltic Sea States, Second Ministerial Session Helsinki 16.–17. March 1993, Communique.Google Scholar
22. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia (Files).Google Scholar
23. Berlingske Tidende, 8 November, 1993.Google Scholar