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Bulgarian Nationalities Policy in Occupied Thrace and Aegean Macedonia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Hans-Joachim Hoppe
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Extract

After the outbreak of World War II, the Bulgarian government pursued a policy of non-alignment. In the fall of 1940 it rejected plans for a combined Italian-Bulgarian attack against Greece. And when Italy alone invaded Greece, Bulgaria facilitated Greek resistance by her own passivity. When Germany called on Bulgaria to enter the Tripartite Pact and make its territory available for a German attack against Greece, the Bulgarian leadership succeeded in retarding the talks. At the same time, the Soviet Union, Germany's Balkan rival, tried to entice Bulgaria into concluding a pact of mutual assistance by offering the whole of western and eastern Thrace at the expense of both Turkey and Greece. Bulgaria refused, and on 1 March 1941 joined the alliance with Germany in hope of territorial gains. It took this step only when it seemed unavoidable.

Type
Articles
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 14 , Issue 1-2 , Spring-Fall 1986 , pp. 89 - 100
Copyright
Copyright © 1982 by the Association for the Study of the Nationalities (USSR and East Europe) Inc. 

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References

1. Hoppe, Hans-Joachim, Bulgarien — Hitlers eigenwilliger Verbündeter, (Stuttgart 1979) (= Studien zur Zeitgeschichte, vol. 15), p. 104 and by the same author, “Die Balkanstaaten Rumänien, Jugoslawien, Bulgarien — Nationale Gegensätze und NS-Grossmachtpolitik” in Erhard Forndran, Frank Golczewski, Dieter Riesenberger, eds., Innen-und Aussenpolitik unter nationalsozialistischer Bedrohung (Opladen, 1977) pp. 161–175; see also Akten zur deutschen auswärtigen Politik (henceforth ADAP), ser. D, vol. IX, doc. 403.Google Scholar

2. Hoppe, Bulgarien, pp. 108–118.Google Scholar

3. See ADAP, ser. D, vol. XII, doc. 114.Google Scholar

4. , Hoppe, Bulgarien, p. 123. The text of the “Clodius Agreement” has been found in Bundesarchiv/Militärarchiv in Freiburg.Google Scholar

5. Ibid. See also Krecker, Lothar, Deutschland und die Türkei im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Frankfurt am Main, 1964) pp. 149–151.Google Scholar

6. See Olshausen, Klaus, Die deutsche Balkanpolitik 1940-1941, in: Funke, Manfred (ed.), Hitler, Deutschland und die Mächte, (Düseidorf 1976) pp. 707–727.Google Scholar

7. Hoppe, See, Bulgarien, pp. 124–127 and Lee Miller, Marshall, Bulgaria During the Second World War (Stanford, 1975) pp. 122-130.Google Scholar

8. , Miller, Bulgaria, p. 127.Google Scholar

9. , Hoppe, Bulgarien, p. 126. The secret report about the situation in occupied Greece, dated on 5 October 1941, has been found in Bundesarchiv/Militärarchiv.Google Scholar

10. , Hoppe, Bulgarien p. 125.Google Scholar

11. Ibid., 125–126.Google Scholar

12. , Miller, Bulgaria, p. 127.Google Scholar

13. , Hoppe, Bulgarien, p. 127.Google Scholar

14. , Miller, Bulgaria, p. 128.Google Scholar

15. Ibid., 125.Google Scholar

16. Hoppe, , Bulgarien, p. 127.Google Scholar

17. Hoppe, See, pp. 93–96, 138-141, also the monographs of Wolf Oschlies, Bulgarien — Land ohne Antisemitismus (Erlangen, 1976) and Frederick B. Chary, The Bulgarian Jews and the Final Solution 1946-1944, (Pittsburgh, 1972).Google Scholar

18. The text of the Dannecker-Belev Agreement is published (in English translation) by Chary, , pp. 208–210.Google Scholar

19. , Oschlies, Bulgarien, pp. 77–78, 80, 90–91, and Chary, Bulgarian Jews pp. 193-194.Google Scholar

20. , Chary, Bulgarian Jews pp. 122–125.Google Scholar

21. Ibid., 101–114, 117-122.Google Scholar

22. , Oschlies, Bulgarien, p. 75.Google Scholar

23. Chary, , Bulgarian Jews, P. 108–109.Google Scholar

24. Ibid., 141.Google Scholar