Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T15:36:49.127Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Assessing the Impact of Trade Agreements on Trade

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2016

Monique Ebell
Monique Ebell*
Affiliation:
National Institute of Economic and Social Research
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

One of the key issues facing the UK in the wake of the advisory referendum result to leave the European Union is the precise nature of its relationship with the European Union. At one extreme would be continued membership in the European Economic Area, including membership in the single market. Other options would be either no free trade agreement (FTA) with the EU at all or a less comprehensive FTA which stops short of single market membership. This paper compares the ability of EEA membership and less comprehensive FTAs to generate trade in goods and services. We investigate this question using empirical gravity model methodology and the most recent available data from 42 countries. We use recently developed econometric methods to deal with observations of zero trade flows and issues connected with endogeneity. The main finding is that while EEA membership is associated with substantial and statistically significant increases in bilateral services trade flows, membership in less comprehensive FTAs is not associated with any significant increase in bilateral services trade. For goods, EEA membership is associated with larger bilateral trade flows than are less comprehensive FTAs. These results suggest that it might be difficult to replace, on an exit from a European Union, lost trade flows with the EU by means of shallower FTAs with the EU or with third countries.

Keywords

gravity models of tradebenefits of economic integrationfree trade agreementssingle marketF11F13F15
Type
Research Articles
Information
National Institute Economic Review , Volume 238 , November 2016 , pp. R31 - R42
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 National Institute of Economic and Social Research

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This project was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council under the UK in a Changing Europe programme. Many thanks to the editors, Peter Dolton and Jagjit Chadha, to two anonymous referees and to Rebecca Riley and Jonathan Portes for helpful comments and discussions.

References

Anderson, J., Borchert, I., Mattoo, A. and Yotov, Y. (2015), ‘Dark costs, missing data: shedding some light on services trade’, NBER Working Paper 21546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, J. and van Wincoop, E. (2003), ‘Gravity and gravitas: a solution to the border puzzle’, American Economic Review, 93(1), pp. 170–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baier, S. and Bergstrand, J. (2007), ‘Do free trade agreements actually increase members’ international trade?’, Journal of International Economics, 71(1), pp. 72–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baier, S., Bergstrand, J., Egger, P. and McLaughlin, P. (2008), ‘Do economic integration agreements actually work? Issues in understanding the causes and consequences of the growth in regionalism’, The World Economy, 31(4), pp. 461–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egger, P., Larch, M., Staub, K. and Winkelmann, R. (2011), ‘The trade effects of endogenous preferential trade agreements’, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3, pp. 113–43.Google Scholar
Head, K. and Mayer, T. (2014), ‘Gravity equations: workhorse, toolkit, and cookbook’, chapter 3 in Gopinath, G., Helpman, E. and Rogoff, K. (eds), Handbook of International Economics, vol. 4, Elsevier, pp. 131–95.Google Scholar
Maggi, G. (2014), ‘International tade agreements’, Handbook of International Economics, Vol. 4, North-Holland: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Marshall, M. and Jaggers, K. (2007), Polity IV Project: Users’ Manual, Center for Global Policy at George Mason University and Center for Systemic Peace.Google Scholar
Miroudot, S., Sauvage, J. and Shepherd, J. (2013), ‘Measuring the cost of international trade in services’, World Trade Review, 12(4), pp. 719–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos Silva, J. M. C. and Tenreyro, S. (2006), ‘The log of gravity’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(4), pp. 641–58.Google Scholar
van der Marel, E. and Shepherd, B. (2013), ‘Services trade, regulation and regional integration: evidence from sectoral data’, The World Economy, pp. 1393–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar