Seven new species of smut fungi from the neotropics are described. The new species are remarkable for their special morphological development, as new representatives of small genera, or by interesting host plants and contribution to our knowledge of neotropic biodiversity. Aurantiosporium pallidum from Bolivia is the third species known in its genus. Its sori develop in the hypertrophied tissue of the rachillae of female and male spikelets. Kuntzeomyces ruizianae from Colombia is the second species known in its genus, characterized by relatively small teliospores. Moreaua bulbostylidis from Bolivia and Venezuela is the first record of a species of this genus (formerly Tolyposporium) on the genus Bulbostylis (Cyperaceae). Thecaphora amaranthicola from Ecuador differs from the known species T. amaranthi on the same host genus by smaller balls of teliospores. Thecaphora smallanthi is the first species of Thecaphora known to include hyaline globose sterile cells in the centre of teliospore balls. Tilletia boliviana is the first species of Tilletia infecting a species of Bromus (Poaceae) and forming warty teliospores. Species of Urocystis on Poaceae are known as agents of stripes on leaves, stems, and inflorescences. Urocystis reinhardii from Bolivia is the first species of this genus with sori in the interior of hypertrophic peduncles of a grass.