The aim of this study was to compare the ectomycorrhizal community structure in spruce stands treated with different levels of dolomite lime. ITS-typing of randomly sampled mycorrhizas, without prior morphotyping, was used. Sixteen different ITS-RFLP patterns were found. By comparison with the available reference material, nine of these could be identified at least to genus level. Variation within treatments was large and statistically there were no significant differences between treatments with respect to specific taxa. A similarity assessment did, however, show less similarity between control and high dolomite (HD) than between low dolomite (LD) and either control or HD, suggesting a shift in the community structure as a result of the treatment. The fruitbody production at Hasslöv had been recorded in a different study during 1985–92 and 28 ectomycorrhizal species had been found in the treatments examined in the present study. Except for three species, all were present in the reference material used for identification of the ITS-types. Only three species, Russula ochroleuca, Lactarius necator and Boletus chrysenteron were found as both mycorrhizas and fruitbodies. There were five taxa which occurred on over 5% of the screened roots. These were Thelephora terrestris, 21.5%; Tylopilus felleus, 13%; Tylospora fibrillosa, 13%; and two unidentified taxa, 10% and 6%. Together these five taxa colonized over 60% of the mycorrhizal roots investigated, yet none of them was found among the fruitbodies recorded in the above-ground study. Despite the differences in taxa found below and above ground, similarity tests between treatments using the fruitbody data also revealed a shift in community structure.