Cultures of Penzigia cranioides and Poronia pileiformis obtained from material collected in Taiwan produced anamorphs in Xylocoremium and Lindquistia, respectively. The former is reminiscent of those produced by undoubted Xylaria species. Penzigia cranioides, the type species of the genus, is therefore accepted as X. cranioides. Penzigia thus becomes a taxonomic synonym of Xylaria. The position of P. pileiformis in Poronia is considered justified primarily on its anamorph; an epitype is designated.