Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T02:09:42.673Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-ray Scattering Studies to Investigate Triple-shape Capability of Polymer Networks Based on poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) Segments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Wolfgang Wagermaier ,
Dieter Hofmann ,
Karl Kratz ,
Marc Behl  and
Andreas Lendlein
Wolfgang Wagermaier
Affiliation:
[email protected], GKSS Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, Center for Biomaterial Development, Teltow, Germany
Dieter Hofmann
Affiliation:
[email protected], GKSS Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, Center for Biomaterial Development, Teltow, Germany
Karl Kratz
Affiliation:
[email protected], GKSS Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, Center for Biomaterial Development, Teltow, Germany
Marc Behl
Affiliation:
[email protected], GKSS Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, Center for Biomaterial Development, Teltow, Germany
Andreas Lendlein
Affiliation:
[email protected], GKSS Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, Center for Biomaterial Development, Teltow, Germany
Get access

Abstract

The super-molecular structure and morphology of shape-memory polymers (SMP) have an evident influence on the shape-memory effect (SME). More detailed information on these structure-function relations during the dynamic processes of programming and shape recovery are required to better understand the SME. Here we explore whether wide and small angle x-ray scattering (WAXS, SAXS) in combination with deformation experiments can help to characterize and better understand the respective materials super-molecular structure (spatial organization of chain segments in crystalline and non-crystalline regions, characterized by parameters such as crystallinity, crystallite-sizes, domain-sizes and -arrangements) and its changes upon varying mechanical loads and temperature increase as stimulus. Multiphase polymer networks based on poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate), whose molecular structures allow formation of at least two separated domains, were investigated using WAXS and SAXS, to describe the respective super-molecular structures and morphologies and their development during cyclic, thermomechanical tensile tests reproducing key features of shape-memory programming and recovery. The creation of the triple-shape capability for this AB polymer network system is performed by a one-step process, which is similar to a conventional dual-shape programming process. It could be shown via SAXS that a long period between crystalline domains exists for these polymer networks. The value of this long period changes by some nanometers as a consequence of programming and the resulting elongation of the respective sample. Further insights could be obtained by investigating WAXS diffraction peaks, detected at different steps during the thermomechanical treatment. It could be shown that crystal sizes in this polymer system remain unaffected by the programming process, while the crystallization of the stretched samples during the cooling process leads to a spatial rearrangement (preferential orientation) of crystalline domains.

Keywords

polymerx-ray diffraction (XRD)memory
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1190: Symposium NN – Active Polymers , 2009 , 1190-NN03-18
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1] Lendlein, A., Kelch, S., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 41, 2034–2057, 2002.10.1002/1521-3773(20020617)41:12<2034::AID-ANIE2034>3.0.CO;2-M3.0.CO;2-M>Google Scholar
[2] Behl, M., Lendlein, A., Soft Matter, 3, 1, 58–67, 2007.10.1039/B610611KGoogle Scholar
[3] Bellin, I., Kelch, S., Langer, R., Lendlein, A., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 18043–18047, 2006.10.1073/pnas.0608586103Google Scholar
[4] Behl, M., Bellin, I., Kelch, S., Wagermaier, W., Lendlein, A., Adv. Funct. Mater., 102–108, 2009.10.1002/adfm.200800850Google Scholar
[5] Bellin, I., Kelch, S., Lendlein, A., J. Mat. Chem., 17(28): p. 2885–2891, 2007.10.1039/b702524fGoogle Scholar
[6] Gupta, H.S., Wagermaier, W. et al., Nano Letters 5 (10): 2108–2111, 2005 10.1021/nl051584bGoogle Scholar
[7] Gupta, H.S., Seto, J., Wagermaier, W. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 17741–17746, 2006 10.1073/pnas.0604237103Google Scholar
[8] Bittiger, H., Marchessault, R. H., Niegisch, W. D., Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci., 26, 1923–1927, 1970.10.1107/S0567740870005198Google Scholar