Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T01:30:14.279Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Use of a Database of Chemical, Mineralogical and Physical Properties of North American Fly Ash to Study the Nature of Fly Ashand Its Utilization as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2011

G. J. Mccarthy ,
J. K. SOLEM ,
O. E. Manz  and
D. J. Hassett
G. J. Mccarthy
Affiliation:
Departments of Chemistry and Geology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
J. K. SOLEM
Affiliation:
Departments of Chemistry and Geology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
O. E. Manz
Affiliation:
Energy and Environmental Research Ctr., Univ. of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202,USA
D. J. Hassett
Affiliation:
Energy and Environmental Research Ctr., Univ. of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202,USA
Get access

Abstract

A database of chemical, mineralogical and physical characteristics of North American fly ashes has been assembled by the Western Fly Ash Research, Development and Data Center. One-hundred and seventy-eight representative ashes were divided into three groups according to their analytical CaO content: low-calcium, <10%; intermediate-calcium, 10–20%; high-calcium, 20+%. Statistical analyses were performed within each of the three groups. Thirty-two plots relating chemical composition, mineralogy and physical test results are presented. Extensive discussions relating the chemistry and mineralogy of the ash to the source coal, the distribution of the chemical constituents among crystalline and glassy phases, and the reactions of these phases in concrete are given. The consistency of high-calcium fly ash generated at a Midwestern U.S. power station fired with Wyoming bituminous coal was studied using ninety-three ashes collected over a two year period. The availability of mineralogy for each ash leads to a more thorough understanding of the bulk chemical and physical test results used in evaluating fly ashes for utilization, and in modeling their behavior after disposal

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 178: Symposium W – Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products VI , 1989 , 3
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Hemmings, R.T. and Berry, E.E., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal II, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P. and Roy, D.M., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. L5, (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1986), pp. 91–104.Google Scholar
2. Hemmings, R.T., Berry, E.E., Cornelius, B.J. and Scheetz, B.E., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal II, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P. and Roy, D.M., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc.Vol.65, (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1986), 99–108.Google Scholar
3. Berry, E.E., Hemmings, R.T. and Cornelius, B.J., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products:Characterization. Utilization and Disptsal IV, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Hemmings, R.T., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. M1, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988), 55–64.Google Scholar
4. Stevenson, R.J. and Huber, T.P., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal III, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Diamond, S., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 86, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1987), pp. 99–108.Google Scholar
5. Stevenson, R.J., Collier, J.C., Crashell, J.J. and Quandt, L.R., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal IV, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Hemmings, R.T., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 113, (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988), pp. 87–98.Google Scholar
6. Qian, J.C., Lachowski, E.E. and Glasser, F.P., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products:Characterization. Utilization and Disposal IV. McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Hemmings, R.T., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol.11, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988), 45–54.Google Scholar
7. Qian, J.C., Lachowski, E.E. and Glasser, F.P., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products:Characterization. Utilization and Dispmsal V Hemmings, R.T., Berry, E.E., McCarthy, G.J. and Glasser, F.P., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol.136, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1989), pp. 77–86.Google Scholar
8. FlyAsh and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal. Volumes L-V, Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1985–1989).Google Scholar
9. McCarthy, G.J., Swanson, K.D., Keller, L.P., Blatter, W.C., Cem. Concr. Res. 14, 471 (1984).Google Scholar
10. McCarthy, G.J., Manz, O.E., Johansen, D.M., Steinwand, S.J. and Stevenson, R.J., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal III, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Diamond, S., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol.86, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1987), pp. 109–112.Google Scholar
11. McCarthy, G.J., Johansen, D.M., Steinwand, S.J. and Thedchanamoorthy, A., Adv. X-Ray Anal. 31,331 (1988).Google Scholar
12. McCarthy, G.J. and Johansen, D.M., Powder Diffraction 3, 156 (1988).Google Scholar
13. McCarthy, G.J., Johansen, D.M., Thedchanamoorthy, A, Steinwand, S.J. and Swanson, K.D., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal IV, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Hemmings, R.T., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 113, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988), pp. 99–106.Google Scholar
14. McCarthy, G.J., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal IV, edited by McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Hemmings, R.T., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 113 (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988) pp. 75–86.Google Scholar
15. McCarthy, G.J. and Thedchanamoorthy, A., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products:Characterization. Utilization and Disposal V, Hemmings, R.T., Berry, E.E., McCarthy, G.J. and Glasser, F.P., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol.136, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1989), 67–76; see also Adv. X-Ray Anal. 32, 565–572 (1989).Google Scholar
16. Standard Specification C 618 and Standard Method C 311, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol.04.02, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA (1987).Google Scholar
17. Office of Standard Reference Materials, Room B311 Chemistry Bldg., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaitersburg, MD 20899.Google Scholar
18. NUS Corporation, Commercial Coal Power Plants, available from NUS Corporation, 910 Clopper Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, (1983).Google Scholar
19. Keystone Coal Industrial Manual. Utility Directory (Steam Power Plants) (1986).Google Scholar
20. LOTUS 1–2–3 obtained from Lotus Development Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts; SLIDEWRITE obtained from Advanced Graphics Software, Sunnyvale, California.Google Scholar
21. Miller, R.N. and Given, P.H., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 50, 2033–2043 (1986); also S.A. Benson, UND, personal communication.Google Scholar
22. Schlorholtz, S., Bergeson, K. and Demirel, T., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products:Characterization. Utilization and Disposal IV McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Hemmings, R.T., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 113, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988), pp. 107–118.Google Scholar
23. Kumarathasan, P. and McCarthy, G.J., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal III, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Diamond, S., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol.86, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1987), pp. 159–170.Google Scholar
24. Joshi, R.C., Natt, G.S., Day, R.L. and Tilleman, D.D., in FlyAsh and Coal ConversionBy-Products:Characterization. Utilization and Disposal I, McCarthy, G.J. and Lauf, R.J., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol.43, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1985), 31–39.Google Scholar
25. Dudas, M.J. and Warren, C.J., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal IV, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Hemmings, R.T., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 113, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988), pp. 309–316.Google Scholar
26. Hulett, L.D. Jr., Weinberger, A.J., Ferguson, N.M., Northoutt, K.J. and Lyon, W.S., Science, 210, 1356–1358 (1989); L.D. Hulett and A.J. Weinberger, Environ. Sci. Techn., 14, 965–970 (1980).Google Scholar
27. Lauf, R.J., Ceram. Bull. 61, 487–490 (1984).Google Scholar
28. Hamilton, R.D. and Peletis, N.B., Adv. X-Ray Anal., 33 (in press).Google Scholar
29. Hooton, R.D., in Supplementary Cementing Materials for Concrete, Malhotra, V.M., Ed. (Canadian Govt. Publ. Centre, Ottawa, 1987) pp. 247–288.Google Scholar
30. Mehta, P.K., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal IV, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Hemmings, R.T., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 113, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988), 145–152.Google Scholar
31. McCarthy, G.J., Thedchanamoorthy, A., Tikalski, P.J., Carrasquillo, R., Manz, O.E. and L., R. in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal V, Hemmings, R.T., Berry, E.E., McCarthy, G.J. and Glasser, F.P., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 136, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1989), 273–274.Google Scholar
32. Glasser, F.P., Diamond, S. and Roy, D.M., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products:Characterization. Utilization and Disposal III, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Diamond, S., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol.86 Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1987), pp. 139–158.Google Scholar
33. Schlorholtz, S. and Demirel, T., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal I, McCarthy, G.J. and Lauf, R.J., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol.43, (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1985), pp. 85–94.Google Scholar
34. Diamond, S., Cem. Concr. Res. 13 459–464 (1983).Google Scholar
35. Diamond, S. and Olek, J., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterizatiomn Utilization and Disposal III, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Diamond, S., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol.86, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1987), 315–324.Google Scholar
36. Hemmings, R.T. and Berry, E.E., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal IV, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Hemmings, R.T., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 113, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988), 3–38.Google Scholar
37. Roy, D.M., Luke, K. and Diamond, S., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal I, McCarthy, G.J. and Lauf, R.J., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol.43, (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1985), 1–20.Google Scholar
38. Joshi, R.C. and Marsh, B.K., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal III, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Diamond, S., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol.86, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1987), pp. 113–125.Google Scholar
39. Helmuth, R., Fly Ash in Cement and Concrete (Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL, 1987)Google Scholar
40. Schlorholtz, S., Demirel, T. and Pitt, J.M., Cem Concr. Res., 14, 449–504 (1984).Google Scholar
41. Berry, E.E. and Malhotra, V.M., in Supplementary Cementing Materials for Concrete, Malhotra, V.M., Ed. (Canadian Govt. Publ. Centre, Ottawa, 1987) pp. 37–163.Google Scholar
42. Rai, D., Mattigod, S.V., Early, L.E. and Ainsworth, C.C., in Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal IV, McCarthy, G.J., Glasser, F.P., Roy, D.M. and Hemmings, R.T., eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol.113, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1988), 317–324.Google Scholar